[PPT] Vaccine adjuvants


Contents of the powerpoint on Vaccine adjuvants include:
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISMS OF ADJUVANT ACTION
PROPERTIES OF IDEAL ADJUVANT
TYPES OF ADJUVANTS
Aluminum-containing adjuvants
MF59:a oil-in-water emulsion
Freund’s adjuvant
Microorganism – derived adjuvants
Iscoms
Liposomes
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles
Nucleic acid – based adjuvants
Mucosal adjuvants
Cytokines
USES OF ADJUVANTS
SAFETY EVALUATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.

A vaccine may contain one or more of the following

Organisms inactivated by chemical or physical means whilst retaining adequate immunogenic properties;

living organisms that are naturally avirulent or that have been treated to attenuate their virulence whilst retaining adequate immunogenic properties;

antigens extracted from or secreted by the infectious agent ;

plasmid DNA;

antigens produced by chemical synthesis in vitro.

Vaccine adjuvants:

A vaccine adjuvant is a component that potentiates the immune response to an antigen and/or modulates it towards the desired immune response.

In the traditional vaccines impurities or other components of organisms act as adjuvants,
For example diphtheria-tetanus- pertussis (DTP) vaccine contains two potent adjuvants from whole cell pertussis vaccine (LPS and PT), whole cell typhoid and cholera vaccines have potent adjuvants (LPS and cholera toxin).

Therefore, purified, synthetic vaccines require potent adjuvants.

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