9 Technology skills required for Pharmacists

Common technology skills required for pharmacists are here given.

Common technology skills required for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are increasingly important as the healthcare industry becomes more reliant on digital tools and software for managing patient care and medication dispensing. Here are some of the key technology skills that are essential in the field of pharmacy:

1. **Proficiency with Pharmacy Management Software**:

Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians must be comfortable using specialized computer programs to manage patient records, process prescriptions, and handle inventory. Familiarity with popular pharmacy software and tools such as Baxa Rapid Fill (ASF), Baxa Repeater Pump, Omnicell, Parata RDS, McKesson PACMED, Kirby Lester, TORBAL Rx Balances, Baker Cells, Cerner, Epic, Connexus, and Nexgen is crucial[2].

2. **Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems**:

A working knowledge of electronic prescribing systems and EHRs is essential. These systems are used to manage patient information, medication orders, and pharmacy operations. Being able to navigate and utilize these systems efficiently is critical for ensuring accurate and timely patient care[3].

3. **ScriptPro®**:

ScriptPro® offers a robotic prescription dispensing system, workflow systems, and a drug database. Pharmacists should be familiar with ScriptPro® Central Workflow, which helps in batching prescriptions and ensuring the delivery of proper medication[3].

4. **OneMAR**:

For those working in long-term care facilities, familiarity with OneMAR Innovation’s services is important. This web-based system integrates all pharmacy information and systems, replacing paper MAR (medication administration record) with an electronic version that includes comprehensive patient data[3].

5. **Accounts Receivable Software**:

Knowledge of software systems that provide control over cash flow and workflow in retail pharmacies is beneficial. These systems help manage finances, including automatic price updating based on competitive prices in the pharmacy’s region[3].

6. **Computer Literacy**:

Basic computer skills, including the ability to use email, word processing documents, and the Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher), are fundamental. Being computer savvy helps pharmacists and pharmacy technicians access and process information efficiently[3].

7. **Automated Dispensing Machines**:

Understanding how to use and maintain automated dispensing machines is important for ensuring the accurate and safe preparation and dispensing of medication. This includes knowledge of how to troubleshoot and fix minor breakdowns[4][5].

8. **Data Entry and Management**:

The ability to accurately enter and manage patient and inventory data is crucial. This includes processing insurance claims, managing billing, and keeping patient records up to date[4].

9. **Continuous Learning**:

As technology in the pharmacy field evolves, continuous learning and adaptation to new software, systems, and automation technologies are necessary. Staying abreast of the latest technological advancements ensures pharmacists and pharmacy technicians can provide the best care and service to patients[4].

In summary, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians need a comprehensive set of technology skills to effectively perform their roles in today’s digital healthcare environment. These skills range from proficiency with pharmacy management software and EHR systems to familiarity with automated dispensing machines and continuous learning to adapt to new technologies[2][3][4][5].

Citations:
[1] https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/pharmacy-tech-resume-skills
[2] https://www.pennfoster.edu/blog/pharmacy-technician-skills
[3] https://medprostaffing.com/travel-pharmacist-tech-skills/
[4] https://www.pharmacytechnicianguide.com/Skills-Required-To-Be-a-Successful-Pharmacy-Technician.html
[5] https://scitexas.edu/blog/successful-pharmacy-technician/
[6] https://www.zippia.com/pharmacist-jobs/skills/
[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550586/

Pharma News Websites on Clinical Trials for Mental Health Treatments – List

Do you know which pharma news websites cover clinical trials for mental health treatments?

Websites that cover clinical trials for mental health treatments provide valuable insights into the latest developments, results, and innovations in therapies for mental health conditions. Here are some of the top websites focusing on this area:

1. PhRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) – PhRMA released a report covering 163 medicines in development targeting common mental illnesses, all of which are in clinical trials or awaiting review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)[1].

2. Pharma News Intel – Discusses the importance of diversity and inclusion in clinical trials, which is key to advancing health equity. This is particularly relevant for mental health treatments, as diverse clinical trial participation ensures the efficacy and safety of new treatments across different demographics[2].

3. ClinicalTrials.gov – An official website of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ClinicalTrials.gov is a database of privately and publicly funded clinical studies conducted around the world, including those for mental health treatments. It offers comprehensive information on clinical trials, including their status, location, and results[3].

4. PR Newswire (Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals) – Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology company, is developing a portfolio of rapid-acting and durable treatments for depression and other mental health conditions. The company raised $39 million in Series B funding to advance two programs into clinical trials[4].

5. UCSF News (University of California, San Francisco) – Reports on the latest trial results of MDMA-assisted therapy for patients with PTSD, offering hope for new mental health treatments. The trial’s sponsor, MAPS Public Benefit Corp., plans to submit its drug application to the FDA[5].

6. PharmaTimes – Covers Small Pharma’s initiation of a phase 1 mental health therapy trial. The study is a blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, and dose-escalating study being conducted at MAC Clinical Research in Manchester, focusing on new therapies for mental health[6].

7. Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research – Leads the way in exploring innovative treatments using psilocybin for mental health conditions. The center has conducted several studies showing the potential of psychedelics to treat a wide range of mood and substance disorders[7].

These websites are essential for professionals, researchers, and anyone interested in the latest clinical trial activities and developments in treatments for mental health conditions. They provide timely updates, in-depth analyses, and comprehensive coverage of the trials that shape the future of mental health care.

Citations:
[1] https://phrma.org/Blog/New-Report-More-than-160-medicines-in-development-for-mental-illness
[2] https://pharmanewsintel.com/features/clinical-trial-diversity-inclusion-key-to-advancing-health-equity
[3] https://clinicaltrials.gov
[4] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gilgamesh-pharmaceuticals-raises-39-million-series-b-to-advance-mental-health-treatments-301704097.html
[5] https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2023/09/426116/mdmas-latest-trial-results-offer-hope-for-patients-ptsd
[6] https://pharmatimes.com/news/small_pharma_begins_phase_1_mental_health_therapy_trial_1486736/
[7] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/research/psychedelics-research
[8] https://www.otsuka-us.com/news/otsuka-pharmaceutical-acquire-mindset-pharma-strengthens-pipeline-area-psychiatric-and

AI Applications in Pharmaceutical Sector

AI in pharma sector

What are AI applications in Pharmaceutical sector?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on the pharmaceutical sector, with applications spanning from drug discovery to supply chain optimization. Here are some of the key applications of AI in the pharmaceutical industry:

AI in Drug Discovery and Development

AI can analyze large datasets and molecular patterns to discover new molecules and compounds that may be useful for treating diseases. It accelerates the drug discovery process by predicting the interaction of drug molecules with biological systems, which can lead to the identification of potential new drugs[5][7]. AI models can be trained in biochemistry to assist in this process, and some pharmaceutical companies have started clinical studies of AI-designed molecules[7][8].

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making significant strides in the field of drug discovery and development, with various applications that are transforming the process. Here are some of the current developments and applications of AI in this sector:

AI-Driven Drug Discovery

AI is being used to analyze vast chemical spaces and identify new drug molecules. For example, Iambic’s technology has led to the discovery of four AI-discovered molecules, with two candidates expected to enter clinical trials in 2024[1]. AI’s ability to automate both chemical and biological experimentation is proving to be a game-changer in the field.

Generative AI for Drug Design

Generative AI is being utilized to identify molecular targets for drug compounds, generate novel drug candidates, and estimate the binding efficacy of these candidates. This approach has led to the first AI-discovered drug reaching phase 2 trials, significantly reducing the cost and time traditionally required for drug development[1].

AI in Chemoinformatics

AI is playing a crucial role in chemoinformatics, which includes quantitative structure-activity/property relationship, de novo molecular design, and chemical synthesis prediction. Deep learning-based approaches are beginning to address fundamental problems in drug discovery, although there are challenges such as data representation and learning paradigms[2].

Data-Driven Drug Development

Data analytics and AI are enabling researchers to gain deeper insights into diseases, leading to the design of more targeted and effective therapies. Data-driven initiatives are expected to expedite the drug development process and enhance patient outcomes[3].

AI Integration in Pharma

AI is being integrated across various sectors of the pharmaceutical industry, from drug discovery to product management. This integration is accelerating growth and leading to revolutionary changes in the industry[4].

Clinical Relevance of AI-Assisted Drug Development

AI-assisted drug development is on the horizon, with progress in applications such as de novo molecular design, structure-based drug design, and pre-clinical and clinical development. Biomedical datasets coupled with deep learning models are being used to discover drugs and their clinical applications[5].

Market Growth

The AI in drug discovery market is projected to grow from $0.9 billion in 2023 to $4.9 billion by 2028, with a CAGR of 40.2%. This growth is driven by the need to control drug discovery and development costs and reduce the time involved in the process[7].

Reality Check

Despite the potential of AI to accelerate drug discovery, there is a need for a reality check. Some AI-aided drugs have failed in phase 3 trials, and there is skepticism about the technology’s ability to generate misleading data. The industry and academia are working together to determine how AI can be best utilized in drug discovery[8].

In conclusion, AI is revolutionizing drug discovery and development by optimizing experiments, enabling virtual screening, and reducing the time and cost involved in developing new drugs. However, the technology is still evolving, and its full potential is yet to be realized. The industry is cautiously optimistic, with ongoing research and development aimed at harnessing AI’s capabilities to the fullest[1].

 

AI in Drug Delivery Systems

AI is used to develop and optimize drug delivery systems. By integrating AI with big data, researchers can identify potential risks and challenges associated with drug delivery systems early on, allowing for proactive modifications to optimize drug efficacy and minimize risks[1].

AI in Manufacturing Process Improvement

AI technologies are leveraged to innovate and improve pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. This includes automated cell positioning, predictive modeling, and control of cell culture, which can lead to more efficient production and reduced chances of issues[4][6].

AI in Supply Chain Optimization

AI helps pharmaceutical companies optimize their supply chains by making intelligent predictions of demand, optimizing logistics and inventory, and detecting trends in new products. This can lead to better decision-making and anticipation of market trends[5].

AI in Clinical Data Processing

AI is used to process biomedical and clinical data, which can improve the understanding of diseases and treatment outcomes. This can also include the prediction of pandemics and seasonal illnesses, helping companies prepare their supply chains accordingly[3][8].

AI in Personalized Medicine

AI enables more personalized and authentic engagement with patients by processing data and automating workflows efficiently. This can improve business performance and patient care[2].

AI in Clinical Trials

AI can improve clinical trials by identifying the right testing groups, conducting successful drug trials, and improving drug adherence and repurposing options. It can also automate the research and cross-reference of scientific materials with clinical trial results[6].

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently being used in various aspects of clinical trials, with several advancements and applications noted in recent times. Here are some of the key applications and developments:

Patient Recruitment and Cohort Composition

AI can improve patient recruitment by identifying and screening potential participants based on specific criteria[9]. It can also enhance the suitability of cohort composition through protocol enrichment and biomarker verification[1]. AI and Real-World Data (RWD) can support decisions about the target patient population of a clinical trial, refining trial eligibility[6].

Clinical Trial Design

AI is being used to reshape clinical trial design. It can inform clinical trial eligibility criteria, enhance the diversity of participants, and reduce sample size requirements[7]. AI can also be used to analyze past and present trial data to inform future research, with machine learning able to suggest better study designs[8].

In-Silico Trials

In the field of oncology, AI is being applied to build In-Silico trials, which use clinical data to build simulated cohorts that model treatment effectiveness[1].

AI-Generated Drugs

AI has been used to generate novel drug designs. For instance, Insilico Medicine has two drugs in the clinical stage that have been partially generated by AI[2].

AI-Powered Study Protocol Drafting

AI is transforming the initial stages of clinical research, where it is being used to create study protocols. AI algorithms can ingest data from internal sources and scientific literature to draft study protocols[4].

Monitoring and Analysis

AI can automate remote monitoring to identify outliers and suggest the best route of action[8]. It can also be used for data analysis, pattern recognition, and identification of potential adverse events[9].

Regulatory Oversight

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized the transformative potential of AI in healthcare and is preparing for a future where AI is at the forefront of clinical research[4].

In summary, AI is being increasingly integrated into clinical trials, enhancing various aspects from patient recruitment to trial design, monitoring, and analysis. However, it’s important to note that the use of AI in this context is only as good as the data it gets[10]. As AI continues to evolve, it is expected to further transform the landscape of clinical trials[5].

Monitoring and Predictive Analytics

AI can predict sepsis and other medical conditions, which is crucial for patient monitoring and treatment. Predictive analytics in AI can also help in anticipating drug inventory needs and managing drug inventory more effectively[8].

In summary, AI is transforming the pharmaceutical industry by enhancing drug discovery, optimizing manufacturing processes, improving supply chain management, and personalizing patient care. The use of AI in the pharmaceutical sector is expected to continue growing, with companies making significant investments in AI technology to innovate and improve their businesses[4][7].

AI in Monitoring and Predictive Analytics: Current Uses

AI is currently being utilized in various sectors for monitoring and predictive analytics, including healthcare, pharmaceuticals, network monitoring, and more. Here are some of the ways AI is being used:

Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industry

Drug Safety Monitoring:

AI is transforming drug safety monitoring by analyzing large datasets to identify patterns that may signal adverse drug reactions, thus enhancing decision-making in clinical trials[4][8].
Clinical Trials

AI algorithms can analyze patient data and medical records to identify suitable candidates for specific trials, predict trial outcomes, and enable remote monitoring[3][7].

Pharmacovigilance

AI-driven tools are used to improve the detection and analysis of adverse reactions, ensuring medicine safety throughout a drug’s lifecycle[8].

Network Monitoring

Predictive Analytics**: AI is revolutionizing network monitoring by anticipating network issues and predicting potential threats, which helps businesses ensure network stability, uptime, and security[12].

Predictive Analytics Tools

General Tools**: Predictive analytics tools like Altair AI Studio, H2O Driverless AI, and IBM Watson Studio are being used across industries to forecast future outcomes and trends[1].

 

No-Code AutoML**: Vendors are improving tools for no-code AutoML, which automates the creation and testing of various models, making predictive analytics more accessible[1].

 

Business Optimization
– **Customer Behavior Prediction**: AI is used to predict customer behavior such as churn, retention, lifetime value, and satisfaction, which helps in improving marketing, sales, and customer service strategies[5].

Challenges and Future Developments

Regulatory Oversight**: The FDA is preparing for a future where AI is at the forefront of clinical research, recognizing its transformative potential in healthcare[4].

 

Integration with IoT

Predictive analytics is expected to integrate with AI and IoT, allowing for more intelligent and self-healing networks[12].

In summary, AI is being used for predictive analytics in various ways, from enhancing drug safety monitoring and clinical trial processes in the pharmaceutical industry to improving network performance and business decision-making across different sectors. The technology is advancing, with greater automation and integration with other technologies like IoT, and is expected to continue transforming these fields[1][3][4][5][8][12].

References:

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385763/
[2] https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/life-sciences-and-health-care/articles/ai-in-pharma-and-life-sciences.html
[3] https://www.sartorius.com/en/knowledge/science-snippets/the-trending-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry-599278
[4] https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/data-insights/artificial-intelligence-in-pharma/
[5] https://www.knowmadmood.com/en/blog/12-uses-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/
[6] https://viseven.com/artificial-intelligence-in-pharma-industry/
[7] https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2023/05/22/artificial-intelligence-the-pharmaceutical-industry-and-their-future/?sh=58d088984f99
[8] https://research.aimultiple.com/ai-pharma/

Phytopharmaceuticals – Meaning Examples – UPDATE

Phytopharmaceuticals are the newer class of drug including enrich fraction containing at least four specific chemical markers with one biomarker.

Let us see what is a phytopharmaceutical drug by definition. “Phytopharmaceutical drug” includes purified and standard fraction with defined minimum four bio-active or phyto-chemical compound (qualitatively and quantitatively assessed) of an extract of a medicinal plant or its part, for internal or external use of human beings or animals for diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of any disease or disorder but does not include administration by parenteral route as specified in Rule 2 (eb) of the Drugs & Cosmetics (D&C) Rules, 1945.

Minimum four compounds shall be identified as bio-active / phyto chemical compounds. It is ideally if all of them are bio active, hence the condition of identification of minimum four compounds from fraction is given.

Phytopharmaceutical drug differ from ayurvedic, siddha or unani (ASU) under Section 3 (a) & (h) of Drugs & Cosmetic Act 1940. Phytopharmaceutical drug are an updated path for the plant based enrich fraction to be used as a drug, which is specifically not a part of Ayurvedic literature till the present time. Ayurvedic, Siddha or Unani drugs include all medicines intended for internal or external use for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of (disease or disorder in human beings or animals, and manufactured) exclusively in accordance with the formulae described in, the authoritative books of ayurvedic, siddha and unani tibb systems of medicine specified in the first Schedule. However, phytopharmaceutical drugs are fraction of crude extract and are distinctly differentiated by being purified and standardized.

Phytopharmaceutical drug for which marketing authorization is issued need to be sold only against prescription of a R.M.P. / specialist / or it can be sold without prescription.

 

Plants become a great source of interest in modern system of therapeutics as drugs, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical intermediates, folk medicines, and chemical entities for synthetic drugs Phytopharmaceuticals is a new class of drug may encourage the interest and demand of plant-based therapeutics for unmet medical needs professionally as unlike conventional pharmaceuticals

phytopharmaceutical is a balanced approach which trust everything but underlines the revalidation of the specification of the plant material. Some of the examples of these are

 

  • Carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin have been reported to be in reverse to the risk of cardiovascular diseases, some kinds of cancers and eye disorders.
  • Lutein has various kinds of therapeutic effects and protects against uterine, prostate, breast, colorectal and lung cancers gastro intestinal cancer.
  • Lycopene lowering in the chance of chronic disorders like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Increase in serum and tissue lycopene levels decreases the risk of various chronic diseases
  • Phytosterols lower total and blood cholesterol level by preventing cholesterol absorption from the intestine.
  • Resveratrol has been reported to exert neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects.

 

  • Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds which are usually obtained in fruits and vegetables like berries, legumes, tea, grapes, These are reported to be active against various bacterial disease, oxidation, viral diseases and algesia. Flavonoids are reported to be active against free radicals; free radical cellular signalling, inflammation, allergies, platelet aggregation, microbes, ulcers, viruses, tumours and hepatotoxins
  • d-limonene is the commonest monocyclic monoterpene, found in orange peel oil and inhibits pancreatic cancer.

 

Important #Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence Acts & Years 😊👍 Pharma Student 

Important Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence  Acts & Year Pharmacy Acts And Regulations

Hello readers. Here are the Important Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence  Acts & Years which are considered to be precious in Pharmacy Acts And Regulations. These are must for all the Pharmacist & Pharma Students in India and other countries. Here we present important acts and developments in pharmacy profession in India. Important acts and developments of pharmaceutical Jurisprudence are arranged in timeline for better understanding.Important Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence  Acts & Year Pharmacy Acts And Regulations

Very Important Pharmacy Acts:

Medicinal and Toilet preparations (Excise duties) Act 1955
Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic substances Act 1985 and Rules
Drug Price Control Order 1995

Drugs and CosmeticsAct, 1940

Essential Commodities Act, 1955
Patent act 1970

The PharmacyAct, 1948

Pharmawiki.in
Drug and Magic Remedies Act (Objectionable Advertisements) 1954.
Medical Termination of pregnancy Act 1970 and Rules1975.
Prevention of cruelty to animals Act 1960.
Factories Act 1948.
Minimum wages Act 1948.
Consumer protection Act with respect to pharmaceutical services
1949- Pharmacy Council of India (P.C.I.) was established under Pharmacy Act 1948
National Pharmaceutical policy 2002
Medical Termination of Pregnancy act 1971

Drugs and CosmeticsAct, 1940
As per the recommendations of DEC, to control the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics, Drugs and CosmeticsAct, 1940 came into existence.

What is Pharmacy ACT about?

The PharmacyAct, 1948. The need of the qualified and trained pharmacists and their registration to respective Councils was re-emphasized by the Health and Development Committee, 1945 constituted under the Chairmanship of Justice Bhore. The foundations were laid for The Pharmacy Act based on the recommendations of Drugs Enquiry Committee and Health Survey and Development Committee. The Pharmacy Act, 1948, came into existence with the objective to regulate the profession and business of pharmacy.

Drugs and Magic Remedy (ObjectionableAdvertisements)Act, 1954
The uncontrolled and unrestricted advertisements related to drugs and medicines were freely published making obscene, false and exaggerated claims for their medicines. Hence, Drugs and Magic Remedy (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 came into existence with the objective to control and prohibit such advertisements of drugs which makes false claim for the drug or which gives the misleading information about the drug.

Medicinal and Toilet PreparationsAct, 1955
Alcohol is the important solvent in pharmaceutical industry. Each State had different sets of excise rules and different rates of duties on alcohol. To provide for the levy and uniform collection of duties of excise on the medicinal and toilet preparations, Medicinal and Toilet PreparationsAct, 1955 came into existence.

Timeline of Pharmacy Regulations 

1930: Government of India on 11th August 1930 , appointed a committee under the chairmanship of Late Col. R.N.Chopra to see into the problems of Pharmacy in India and recommend the measures to be taken.

1931: R.N. Chopra committee published its report in 1931. It was reported that a set of people known as compounders were filling the gap.

1932: Just after the publication of the report Prof. M. L. Schroff (Prof. Mahadeva Lal Schroff) initiated pharmaceutical education at the university level in the Banaras Hindu University. The Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology (Formerly Department of Pharmaceutics) was established in 1932 in BHU.

1935: In 1935 United Province Pharmaceutical Association was established which later converted into Indian Pharmaceutical Association.

1939: The Indian Journal of Pharmacy was started by Prof. M.L. Schroff in 1939.

1940: All India Pharmaceutical Congress Association was established in 1940.

1940: Drug and cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945

The primary objective of the Act is to ensure that the drugs and cosmetics sold in India are safe, effective and conform to prescribed quality standards. The Drugs Act was formulated in 1940 in pursuance of recommendations of Chopra Committee constituted in 1930 by Government of India.

1940: Central Drugs Laboratory was established in Calcutta

1941: The first Drugs Technical Advisory Board (D.T.A.B.) under this Drugs act 1940 was constituted.

1948: Pharmacy Act 1948

An Act to regulate the education and profession of pharmacy. Constitution of national pharmacy council and state pharmacy councils for the aforesaid purpose.

1948: Indian Pharmacopoeial Committee was constituted under the chairmanship of late Dr. B.N. Ghosh.

1949: Pharmacy Council of India (P.C.I.) was established under Pharmacy Act 1948.

1954: The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954.

This act control advertisement of Drugs In India. It prohibit advertisement of magical remedies. It also prohibit advertisement for the cure of certain disease conditions.

1955: First Edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia was published.

1955: The Medicinal & Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955

It is an Act with provision for levy and collection of excise duties on medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol, opium, Indian hemp (cannabis) or other narcotic drugs.

1960: The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960

1971: Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971

Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) (Amendment) Bill, 2020. The Bill seeks to extend the termination of pregnancy period from 20 weeks to 24 weeks, making it easier for women to safely and legally terminate an unwanted pregnancy.

1985: The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985

1995: Drugs Price control Order 1995

The objective of DPCO is to ensure availability of essential and life saving and prophylactic medicine of good quality at the reasonable prices. For the purpose of implementing provisions of DPCO, powers have been vested in NPPA.

2005: With the establishment of WTO and India being signatory to the Agreement on TradeRelated Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), several new legislations were passed for the protection of intellectual property rights to meet the international obligations. Patents Act, 1970 has been amended in the year 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2005 to meet its obligations under the TRIPS agreement. Thus, the Patent Amendment Act, 2005 is now fully in force and operative.

2008: Guidelines for Taking Action on Samples of Drugs Declared Spurious or Not of Standard Quality In The Light of Enhanced Penalties under The Drugs and Cosmetics (Amendment) Act, 2008

2011: The National Commission for Human Resources for Health Bill, 2011

2015: New Pharmacy Practice rules 2015 seek to address the rights of pharmacists. These regulation allow concept of Pharma clinic and finally gives pharmacists their rightful role in healthcare.

2019: CPA, Consumer protection Act First came in India in 1986, New act came in 2019

source:

Tell me about Drugs and Price Control Order:

Drugs and Price Control Order, 1970
Drugs and Price Control Order, 1970 came into existence to fix the maximum sale price of bulk drugs and to fix the retail sale price of the formulations in order to avoid the huge profiteering in drug manufacturing and distribution. The prices of life saving drugs were brought under direct control of Government.

Complete Renewal Procedure PCI Registration Andhra Pradesh Pharmacy Council

PCI pharmacy renewal Andhra Pradesh

Complete Procedure to Renew Your Andhra Pradesh Pharmacy Council Registration.

 Validity of your Andhra Pradesh pharmacy council registration expired? No need to worry now, here is your step by step guide to renew your AP Pharmacy council registration online.

It is very easy and hassle free now to renew your registration at Andhra Pradesh pharmacy council. Just by uploading necessary documents on the official website of the AP pharmacy council you can easily get your renewal certificate by your e-mail id  without necessarily appearing to the council office.

“My pharmacy council registration has expired and i am not able to reach out to the pharmacy council office to register for the updated certificate”. If you are facing the same issue then you should follow the procedure defined below and sit back as the Renewal Certificate will be delivered to you through your e-mail id.

 Online method for AP Pharmacy Council registration renewal:

 

  1. Visit Andhra Pradesh pharmacy council portal
  • Click Online Services Tab from the top
  • Select Renewal tab from the box

(You are advised to read terms and conditions carefully.)

  • Download and fill  the Candidate  Verification Form by Gazetted Officer Click Here ,Self Declaration Form Click Here and in case of unemployed pharmacist  Format of Affidavit on Rs.20/- NON-judicial Paper of Andhra Pradesh Attested by Notary Click Here

  1. Click Agree to the terms and conditions and Proceed to fill the form

  1. FIll up the form with basic informations such as Name, Gender, Father’s

name, Mobile No., E-mail etc in their respective columns

  1. You will recieve Link for Activation and Transaction ID for online

Payment via email and Pharmacist Reference ID to your mobile

  1. (Application)

                 

  1. Fill the application form
  2. Scan and upload the documents (checklist link below) in jpg. or jpeg. format (Below 250 Kb)

 

  1. (Payment)

  1. You will be redirected to Meeseva Online payment gateway
  2. Provide Transaction ID and Pharmacist Reference ID click submit button to complete the process.

After submitting the form, the pharmacy council will intimate you through your email and mobile number after the verification and approval by Registrar of the Council and you will be able to download the Renewal Certificate.

 

Checklist of the documents required for the online registration renewal application form .

ANDHRA PRADESH PHARMACY COUNCIL GUNTUR ADDRESS

D No 25-16-116/1B,

Behind Gowthams Hero Show Room,

Chuttugunta, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh – 522004

Email:[email protected]

[email protected]

MOBILE: +91 8374379304 (only video calls for candidates living outside india)
FAX: 0863 2224525 ( FAX ONLY )
LAND LINE: 0863 2224524

Dry Granulation – STEPS METHOD USES PPT PDF

Dry Granulation

Dry granulation is a powder agglomeration process used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the flowability of powders by increasing the particle size (granules). This operation is achieved using a roller press, which can have different configurations and equipment designs.
In simple terms Granulation is the process in which primary powder particles are made to adhere to form larger multiparticle entities called granules.

Dry granulation Roller compactor

Dry Granulation Advantages & Limitations:

(Slugging of rollercompaction)
Advantages:
* Eliminates exposure to moisture and drying.
* Dusty procedure.

This is also called double compression or slugging method, this is valuable alternative to direct compression,
where the dose of drug is too high or to wet granulation when the drug is sensitive to heat, moisture or both.
This method is also used when other methods of granulation yield granules with poor flow or compression
properties, because there are less chances of segregation of drug and excipients.

Limitations:
* Not suitable for all compounds.
* Slow process.

Long processing time, a relatively high capital investment on heavy duty presses or compactors.

 

Steps involved in dry granulation process

I. Milling of drugs and excipients
II. Mixing of milled powders
III. Compression into large, hard tablets to make slug
IV. Screening of slugs
V. Mixing with lubricant and disintegrating agent
VI. Tablet compression

 

In dry granulation method the primary powder particles are aggregated at high pressure. There are two main processes – either a large tablet (known as slug) is produced in a heavy duty tableting press( known as slugging) or the powder is squeezed between two rollers to produce a sheet of material (roller compaction) . The two different types are illustrated in below:

Slugging process

how well a material may slug will depend on the below terms

  1. Compressibility or cohesiveness of the matter,
  2. Compression ratio of powder
  3. Density of the powder
  4. Machine type
  5. Punch and die size
  6. Slug thickness
  7. Speed of compression
  8. Pressure used to produce slug

Granulation by slugging is the process of compressing dry powder of tablet formulation with tablet press having die cavity large enough in diameter to fill quickly. The accuracy or condition of slug is not too important. Only sufficient pressure to compact the powder into uniform slugs should be used. Once slugs are produced they are reduced to appropriate granule size for final compression by screening and milling

Slugging (Old Method)Slugging (Old Method) • material to be granulized is first made into a large compressed mass or “slug” typically by way of a tablet press using large flat-faced too long.

Disadvantages of Slugging:

  1. single batch processing
  2. frequent maintenance changeover
  3. poor process control
  4. poor economies of scale
  5. low manufacturing output per hour
  6. excessive air and sound pollution,
  7. Increased use of storage containers,
  8. more energy and time required to produce

Roller compaction:

In a roller compactor material particles are consolidated and densified by passing the material between two high-pressure rollers. The densified material from a roller compactor is then reduced to a uniform granule size by milling.
Roller compaction dry granulation process is capable of handling a large amount of material in a short period of time. As a special subtype briquetting utilizes special designed compaction rolls which divides the compacted powder in pieces (briquettes).
For dry granulation the compaction force in extend and uniformity of distribution is essential in regard to uniformity of granules porosity to ensure uniform hardness and disintegration of the final product. Because of its advantages, roll compaction is being increasingly used as a granulation technique, but it is not a simple process and may involve many variables for example roll pressure, roll speed, horizontal/vertical feed screw speed, roller gap, screen size. These parameters need to be optimized depending on the materials and the type of equipment used in order to obtain products of desirable quality.

Pneumatic Dry Granulation:

The pneumatic dry granulation process is a new and patent pending technology. The granulation process is based on the
use of roller compaction with very low compaction force together with a proprietary air classification method. The method enables production of granules with extraordinary combination of flow ability and compressibility. The granules produced by Pneumatic Dry Granulation and tablets produced show fast disintegration properties, offering the potential for fast
release dosage forms, and Release time can be tailored to requirements.
PDG technology can achieve, high drug loading, even with difficult APIs and combinations along with Taste masking and Excellent stability

 

References:

  1. Ankit Sharma, Pooja sethi, Dinesh pawar. “Granulation techniques and innovations”, Inventi Rapid: Pharmtech, Vol.10, 2011
  2. Himanshu.K.Solanki, Tarashankar Basuri, Jalaram H.Thakkar, “Recent advances in granulation technology, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3(5), 48,2010 . 11.
  3. Nidhi Prakash Sapkal, Vaishali A. Kilor, Minal Nandkumar Bonde. Application of a convenient and cost and effective granulation technology for the formulation of tablets using conventional excipients, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics – 225-254, 2014.
  4. Rudnic EM, Schwartz JD. Oral solid dosage forms In: Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy Gennaro, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2000: 858.
  5. Gohel MC. A review of co-processed directly compressible excipients. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2005; 8: 76-93.
  6. Schwartz JB, Fonner DE, Anderson NR, Banker GS. Granulation and tablet characteristics, Lieberman HA, Lachman L, eds. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets. Vol. 2, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1981:201.

Pharmacy Near ME – Bangalore 24/7 Free Online Home Delivery – Contact

Pharmacy Near ME - Bangalore 24/7 Free Online Home Delivery - Contact

List of 24/7 Pharmacies in Bangalore with shop pharmacy Name  Address Mobile Phone

  • Apollo Pharmacy (A Unit of Apollo Hospitals Enterprises ltd)
    No.06, Ground floor, Railway
    bridge road,Kumara park
    East,560001
    9900054615 Bangalore Circle
  •  SUGUNA NARAYANA HEART CENTRE( UNIT OF NH PRIVATE LIMITED)
    No.1A/87, Dr.Rajkumar Road,
    SUGUNA HOSPITAL -2
    FLOOR,4th N Block,
    Rajajinagar,560010
    9538066577 Bangalore Circle
  • function of hospital pharmacy
  • GREEN APPLE ( A UNIT OF RADIANT HEALTH CARE PVT. LTD.)
    # 2 VITTAL MALYA ROAD, ( In
    patient )BANGALORE560001
    9342497305 Bangalore Circle
  • CYTESPACE RESEARCH PVT.LTD
    K.NO.9/3, NITESH
    BROADWAY, GF, MG
    ROAD,MG ROAD560001
    9986243891 Bangalore Circle
  • SAI HOSPI ESSENTIALS
    #117,DODDABETTAHALLI,
    GFVIDYARANYAPURA
    POST560097
    720436696 Bangalore Circle
  • ALARIC ENTERPRISES # 11/1, 4TH FLOOR, 8TH
    CROSS,MALLESHWARAM560
    003
    8095033311 Bangalore Circle
  •  MANJUSHREE MEDICALS
    SHOP NO.01, NO.13, 7TH
    MAIN, BHUVANESHWARI
    NAGAR,HESARAGHATTA
    MAIN ROAD,560057
    9611297373 Bangalore Circle
  • COLUMBIA ASIA REFERRAL HOSPITAL
    (PHARMACY)
    # 26/1, SUBRAMANYANAGAR
    INDUSTRIAL
    SUBURB,MALLESWARAM
    WEST560055
    9448051876 Bangalore Circle
  • People Tree Pharma (Unit of TMI Healthcare Pvt.Ltd)
    No.2, Service Road, Opp.Taj
    Vivanta, Tumkur Road,NH-4,
    Gorguntepalya,
    yeshwanthpur,560022
    9886058284 Bangalore Circle
  • AVEKSHA MEDICALS (AVEKSHA HOSPITAL PREMISES)
    NO.647/4,5,6/102/103/121/122A
    , GF, VARADARAJASWAMY
    LAYOUT,SINGAPURA
    VILLAGE, M.S.PALYA,
    VIDYARANAYAPURA
    POST,560097
    9886553086 Bangalore Circle
  • MANIPAL NORTHSIDE HOS,O.P. PHARMA(A UNIT OF MANIPAL HEALTH
    NO.5/2, 8TH MAIN ROAD,
    13TH CROSS,
    GF,MALLESHWARAM560003
    9740311505 Bangalore Circle
  • FAMILY PHARMA ( A
    UNIT OF FAMILY
    HEALTH PROVIDERS
    PVT, LTD.)
    NO.423/2, NEW NO.11/1, 60ft,
    Rd,1st MAIN 1st STAGE,
    GOKULAMATHIKERE MAIN
    ROAD, MATHIKERE560054
    9448189988 Bangalore Circle
  • PALS HEALTHCARE #15, Shop No.02, 1st Floor,
    Aditya Nagar,1st stage,
    Chickkabettahalli,
    Vidyaranyapura(P)560097
    8904087542 Bangalore Circle
  • FRANK ROSS PHARMA
    (A DIVISION OF EMAMI
    FRANK ROSS LTD)
    NO.53,GF,RATAN MAHAL
    LODGE COMPLEX,4 th
    CROSSSAMPIGE
    ROAD,MALLESHWARAM560003
    9535056899 Bangalore Circle
  • Religare Wellness
    (Religare Welness ltd)
    Old No;37, New No;36, Castle
    street,Ashok Nagar,560025
    9663368681 9663368681 Bangalore Circle
  • JENUSHREE MEDICALS & GENERAL STORES
    NO-115/1, GROUND FLOOR,
    6TH CROSS, BAPUJI
    LAYOUT,Opp. CHANDRA
    LAYOUT CANARA
    BANK,560040
    9448949830 Bangalore Circle
    4-
    43329 CHAYA PHARMA NO.6, (GROUND FLOOR), 5TH
    MAIN,O.M.B.R. LAYOUT,
    B.CHANNASANDRA ,560043
    9880847339 Bangalore Circle
  •  PLASMAGEN BIOSCIENCES PVT.
    LTD.
    #1342, ground floor, Dr.
    Shivaramkaranth
    Nagar,M.C.E.H.S Lay out,
    Yelahanka Hobli560064
    9731557200 Bangalore Circle
  • SHREE RANGANATHA
    MEDICALS
    #493,GF,17TH
    CROSS,JAKKUR
    LAYOUT560064
    9611261394 Bangalore Circle
  • CHAITANYA PHARMA NO.971/24, K.H.B.COLONY, A
    SECTOR,YELAHANKA NEW
    TOWN,560064
    9845625363 Bangalore Circle
  • APPLE PHARMA APPLE HOSPITAL, PLOT NO.
    17/B-18, 19, 20 C
    SECTOR,YELAHANKA NEW
    TOWN, YELAHANKA,
    DODDABALLAPURA MAIN
    ROAD,560064
    9945690149 Bangalore Circle
  • M/S PRUNUS
    LIFESCIENCES INDIA
    PVT LTD
    NO. 7, SRI MATHA, RAJA
    RAJESHWARI
    BLOCK,HEBBAL,560024
    9482510759 Bangalore Circle
    5-
    38024 Sure Fertilityy (India) Pvt
    Ltd
    No 115,Kodihalli,Old Airport
    road560017
    9900533338 Bangalore Circle
  • St. Johns Medical
    Collage Hospital Pharma
    St. Johns Medical Collage
    Hospital CampusSarjapura
    Road560034
    9999999999 Bangalore Circle
  • St.JohnS Medical
    College Hospital Pharma
    (2nd Floor)
    No-67-3-141/2, 2nd Floor
    St.JohnS Medical College
    HospitalPremises Sarjapur
    Road560034
    8022065000 Bangalore Circle
  • St.JohnS Medical
    College Hospital Pharma
    (3rd Floor)
    No-67-3-141/2, 3rd Floor
    St.JohnS Medical College
    HospitalPremises Sarjapura
    Road560034
    8022065000 Bangalore Circle
  • St.JohnS Medical
    College Hospital Pharma
    (4rd Floor)
    No-67-3-141/2, 4th Floor,
    St.JohnS Medical College
    HospitalPremises Sarjapura
    Road560034
    9036178807 Bangalore Circle
  •  Munipal Hosptal ICU
    Pharma
    No.133, (old No. 98), 3rd Floor,
    Manipal HospitalRustom Bagh,
    Old Airport Road,560017
    9844582343 Bangalore Circle
  • S&S Pharma Sy. No-29 M/s.Shiva & Shiva
    Orthopadic Hospital
    PrimesesKitegenahalli
    Village560099
    9242820155 Bangalore Circle

Free Home Delivery Pharmacies in Bangalore

  • 24688 Hrudayalaya Pharma &
    General Stores
    No-258/A, Narayana
    HrudayalaBommasandra Ind
    Area, Anekal Taluk,560099
    9900193614 Bangalore Circle
  • 29912 Trust Chemists &
    Druggist Ltd.
    No-86, Hosur
    RoadMadiwala560068
    9902973291 Bangalore Circle
  • 10165 Vijayashree Medicals No-03, G Floor, Bannerghatta
    Main RoadGottigere560083
    9945671947 9980512867 Bangalore Circle
  • 34759 Spring Leaf Healthcare
    Pvt Ltd.
    No-60/3, G Floor, Electronic City
    Next to Andra BankHosur Main
    Road560100
    8867346685 08067345000 Bangalore Circle
  • 42709 THE OXFORD DRUG
    STORES (CHILDERN
    EDUCATION SOCIETY)
    The Oxford Medical Hospital
    and Research Centre,S.No 20,.
    Yedavanahalli, Attibele Hobli,
    Anekal (TQ),562107
    9845037176 Bangalore Circle
  • 44289 SHAKTI MEDICAL AND
    GENERAL STORES
    NO. 9-10-172, SHOP NO.2,
    GROUND
    FLOOR,KUMBARWADA ROAD,
    9448125855 Bidar Circle
    43223 SRI OM SAI MEDICAL
    AND GENERAL STORE
    SHOP NO:1 BUILDING
    NO:1005/1OPP BASAVA HIGH
    AND PRIMARY
    SCHOOL,MANAHALLI
    9448572203 Bidar Circle
    43322 RATNADEEP
    MEDICALS (
    PHARMACEUTICAL
    DISTRIBUTORS )
    CMC NO:12-1-34 & 12-1-37,
    ROOM NO. 1,2 & 3, GROUND
    FLOORNAZARATH COLONY
    ,BEHIND KARNATAKA
    COLLEGE585401
    8861055999 Bidar Circle
    23303 BASAVA MEDICAL
    AND GENERAL
    STORES
    19-91/18,MAIN RAOD 9945511891 Bidar Circle
    28350 NEW BHARATHI
    MEDICAL & GENERAL
    STORES
    DOOR NO: 117/2/1, WARD NO:
    17, GROUND FLOORSHOP
    NO: 1, MAYURA HOTEL
    COMPLEX, DOUBLE
    ROAD583101
    9448234437 9738598776 Bellary Circle
  • 21874 SWETHA MEDICAL &
    GENERAL STORES
    DOOR NO: 81,Opp to GOVT
    PRIMARY SCHOLL,583115
    9448941511 Bellary Circle
  • 11782 BELLARY MEDICALS
    AND GENERALS ( 24
    HOURS )
    STALL NO: 5, WARD
    NO:17,EDIGA HOSTEL
    COMPLEX, COURT
    ROAD,583101
    968600838 Bellary Circle
  • 36341 K.L.E. Pharma Gokak CTS.No.3777/A-1,Main
    Road,591307
    9448420863 08332229977 Belgaum Circle
    34478 B. H. C. S. Pvt. Ltd,
    Lake View Medical
    Stores
    B.H.S. Lakeview Hospital
    Premises,RS. No.73/7, CTS.
    No.11888, Opp. Fort
    Lake590016
    8747945929 Belgaum Circle
  • 20235 THE MEDICAL
    SUPERINTENDENT OF
    BLDEA CENTRAL
    DRUGS STORES,
    SHR.B. M. PATIL HOSPITAL
    AND RESEARCH CENTRE,
    CTS NO. 30-6,WARD NO. 1,
    GROUND FLOOR, ASHRAM
    ROAD,586101
    9448245534 Bijapur Circle
    16123 M.V.J.Medical College &
    Research Centers
    Pharmacy
    K.No: 149, 152/1 &
    150,Dandupalya562114
    8453304403 Bangalore Circle
    Rural
    41182 Sri Basaweshwara
    Medicals , (Unit of
    Basaweshwara medical
    college Hospital &
    Research Center)
    Katha No. 6891/C , 5th Block
    A.No.14386/C Paediatric
    BlockBasaweshwara medical
    college Hospital Premises NH4
    Bye Pass577501
    9008861111 Chitradurga
    Circle
    44645 Ekadantha Associates 1st Block ,B.M.
    ROAD,BYCHANAHALLI571234
    9845381040 Kodagu Circle
    45975 LIFE LINE HOSPITAL, NO 271,24/18,PONNAMPET
    ROAD,571213
    9448720175 Kodagu Circle
    31992 PRASHANTH PHARMA. DOF-105,KONDANGERI. 9480256291 Kodagu Circle
    22578 CAUVERY MEDICALS NO:5TMC COMPLEX, G T
    ROAD,
    9448887570 Kodagu Circle
    22580 VINOD MEDICALS SHOP NO:4, BLOCK NO:20,
    MUDDU COMPLEX,CHIKPET,
    9845353439 Kodagu Circle
    29241 SRI GANESH
    MEDICALS,
    NO: 29/11A,
    ADHARACOLLEGE
    ROAD,571201
    9448976839 08272229662 Kodagu Circle
    29239 KANARA STORES # 6-7-1,CHOWKI,571201 9916808136 08272229314 Kodagu Circle
    22576 SURAKSHA MEDICALS SHOP NO:1,MAIN ROAD, 9448011434 Kodagu Circle
    24732 JANATHA BAJAR
    MEDICALS,
    SURVEY NO:88/3, SHOP NO:
    1,GOVT BUS STAND, B.M.
    ROAD,
    9448278168 08276274496 Kodagu Circle
    24857 ASHWINI MEDICALS, SMPT 92/8, 1ST BLOCKB.M.
    ROAD,
    9448720102 08272662322 Kodagu Circle
    34277 RAMA MEDICALS # 66/1,MYSORE MANGALORE
    ROAD,571237
    9448582053 08276262412 Kodagu Circle
    31952 SRI GANESH
    MEDICALS,
    HOUSE NO: 16A, R.NO:
    124/B,SIDDAPURA ROAD,
    9448448763 0827446655 Kodagu Circle
    32368 VAISHNAVI MEDICALS BAPU COMPLEX,NEAR BUS
    STAND,
    9880877187 08274249624 Kodagu Circle
    32397 ATHREYA DRUG
    HOUSE,
    NO:15,16 AND 16/2,BLOCK
    NO:10, S. S. RAMA MOORTHY
    ROAD,
    9999999999 08274257483 Kodagu Circle
    31130 MAHAVEER MEDICALS MAIN ROAD,VIRAJPET571218 9008509929 Kodagu Circle
    30947 SRI RAMA MEDICALS, SURVEY NO:37/10, SHOP
    NO:4/46,4TH BLOCK, NANDI
    COMPLEX, KUDIGE
    ROAD,571234
    9448504328 08276320080 Kodagu Circle
    31089 BHAGAVATHI
    MEDICALS,
    NO:521, SURVEY NO:
    35/1,5TH BLOCK, NEAR
    GANAPATHI TEMPLE, MAIN
    ROAD,
    9448217187 08276260205 Kodagu Circle
    31112 BHAGYALAKSHMI
    MEDICALS.
    DOOR NO:49, MUNICIPALITY
    BUILDING,NEAR PRIVATE
    BUS STAND,
    9845537456 08274256457 Kodagu Circle
    31976 AMBIKA MEDICALS, NO:1-135,MAIN ROAD, 9449253701 Kodagu Circle
    31800 SHIFA MEDICALS, SHOP NO: 1, BLOCK NO:1-
    58,BASEMENT FLOOR
    DADUTHI CHOWK, FMC
    ROAD,
    9241986262 9880927707 Kodagu Circle
    38670 GOUTHAM MEDICALS SHOP NO:8, MUDDU
    COMPLEX,G. T. ROAD,
    9448368397 Kodagu Circle
    40336 M.S.COORG
    MEDICALS
    BLDG # 81/5, BLOCK # 5,
    BASEMENT, CORNER
    SHOPINDIRAGANDHI CIRCLE,
    CHOWK571201
    9483615791 Kodagu Circle
    40423 VAATSALYA
    MEDICALS A UNIT OF
    VAATSALYA H.C.S
    PVT LTD.,
    Ass No: 13548/8702, JOLDAL
    HEALTHCARE
    COMPLEX,RATNA GIRI
    ROAD,577101
    9448899572 Chickmagalore
    Circle
    35080 VAATSALYA MEDICAL
    (Unit of Vaatsalya H.C.S
    Pvt. Ltd)
    A. No: 4781/4632A, Room No:
    6,Vaatsalya Hospital Ashirvad
    Health Care Complex , B.H.
    Road577228
    9611948124 Chickmagalore
    Circle
    44688 SREE LAKSHMI
    MEDICARE
    ASS NO: 5858/4185BELT
    ROAD, AMBEDKAR
    CIRCLE577101
    9481157430 Chickmagalore
    Circle
    39244 M/s, Sri Amogha
    Enterprises,
    01, Kathe No C20/15,Sampige
    Road,571313
    9980562848 Chamarajanagar
    Circle
    41549 SRI VIGNESHWARA
    DISTRIBUTERS
    #2069/12, 1st Floor, Davalagi
    Building2nd Main, 2nd Cross,
    MCC A Block
    9844690777 Davanagere
    Circle-
    19269 Basaveshwara Drugs &
    Ssurgical -UNIT II
    Building No. 1-11, G. F. HKES
    Society,Basaveshwara Teaching
    And General Hospital
    PRE585105
    8886858578 Gulbarga Circle
    25049 Vaatsalya Life Hospital
    Medical Store
    Site No: 178/19 to 178/23,
    SY.No. 117/1-4, inside
    VaatsalyaHospital, Ground
    Floor, Badepur RTO Cross,
    Sedam Road,585105
    9742725786 Gulbarga Circle
    46070 SDM PHARMA-IV BUILDING NO.114/3 TO 120/1,
    GR. FLOOR,SDM COLLEGE
    OF MEDICALSCIENCES &
    HOSPITAL, SUPER
    SPECIALITY HOSPITAL
    BLOCK,580009
    9742267797 Dharwad Circle
    25925 SRI
    CHANNAVEERESHWA
    R MEDICAL AND
    GENERAL STORES.
    VPC NO.75K,BASAVESHWAR
    TEMPLE ONI,
    9886864120 294232 Dharwad Circle
    18343 Kavyashree Medicals K.No:1483/1239,Chikkamagalur
    u Road, Nehru nagar573115
    9620335060 Hassan Circle
    46281 VEERAPUR MEDICALS CTS NO. 28 D, PLOT NO.2,
    GROUND FLOOR,NEXT TO
    VEERAPUR MULTI
    SPECIALITY
    HOSPITAL,581110
    8095441380 Haveri Circle
    45265 M/s. Punyakoti Medical
    and General Stores
    Katha No.1392,Ground
    floor,Opp.Govt Hospital, Main
    road563139
    9448722271 Kolar Circle
    20209 M/s.Apollo Hospital
    Enterprises Ltd Unit of
    Apollo Pharmacy
    Survey
    no:3571/3441/2878,Shop no04MC road563131
    9999999999 08159243344 Kolar Circle
    44064 NEW SRI SAI GANESH
    PHARMA
    PROP NO: 2-1-66, GROUND
    FLOOR, WARD NO: 03,SRI
    SHARANABASAVESHWARA
    TEMPLE ROAD, NEAR
    ESHWAR TEMPLE,583229
    9480794140 Koppal Circle
    45261 APOORVA MEDICAL &
    GENERAL STORES
    PROP NO: 9-3-72/2, WARD
    NO: 04,BEHIND GOVT. CHC
    HOSPITAL,583232
    9538491363 Koppal Circle
    41399 Adichunchanagiri
    Hospital Pharma
    no-2, sy no-42/E, gd
    flr,Adichunchanagiri hospital &
    Research centres
    premises571448
    9742574778 Mandya Circle
    46065 Sri Kalabhyraveshwara
    Pharma
    K no-D6/2373/9648/361/A, 2nd
    flr, 2nd rossNehru nagar
    9945629834 Mandya Circle
    13358 Trust Chemist &
    Druggist Limited
    2, Sri Adichunchanagiri Hospital
    & Research centre,N.H.48,
    B.G.Nagar
    9845226989 Mandya Circle
    37566 Vikram Pharma K.No-1220,(D5/271/1219B) &
    (D5/272/1220), gd flrVikram
    Hospital Premises, 3rd Cross,
    Ashok nagar
    9008489261 0821-241212 Mandya Circle
    24401 KMC HOSPITAL
    MEDICAL STORES,((A
    UNIT OF MANIPAL
    ENTERPRISES
    DOOR NO.14-3-211/3,
    GROUND
    FLOOR,DR.AMBEDKAR
    CIRCLE,575001
    9901677117 0824-2444590 Mangalore Circle

    40874 M/s Yenepoya Medical
    College Hospital Medical
    Stores ( Yenepoya
    University)
    D.No.2-331/15, Room No. 3 D
    Wing, Basement FloorYenepoya
    Medical College Hospital575018
    9249436909 Mangalore Circle

    42649 M/s. RADHA
    MEDICALS ( A UNIT
    OF SAI RADHA
    PHARMA (I) PVT. LTD.,
    DOOR NO. 4-6-574/11-14,
    GROUND FLOOR, BRIGADE
    PLAZA,K.R. RAO ROAD,
    KARANGALPADY,575003
    9243310605 Mangalore Circle

    45869 MYSORE MEDICALS # 891/2, OPPOSITE
    VAATSALYA
    HOSPITAL,N.S.ROAD,
    LAKSHMIPURAM570004
    8095831607 Mysore Circle 2
    44814 SRI. CHAMUNDI
    PHARMA
    # 452, SHOP # 1, 1ST
    FLOOR,CHAVADI STREET,
    M.G.ROAD570004
    9900252833 Mysore Circle 2
    43213 ISH KRUPA NO. 2/1, PEER KHAN
    STREETOFF CHAMUNDI
    VIHAR STADIUM,
    NAZARBAD570010
    9480029837 Mysore Circle 2
    43496 ARYAN PANACEA SHOP NO. 4, # 199, B
    BLOCK10TH MAIN ROAD,
    J.P.NAGAR570008
    9743514071 Mysore Circle 2
    45222 SURGICAL
    CORPORATION
    31/A, MASHALLAH COMPLEX,
    MAHDEVPURA HUDCO
    EXTENSIONLASHKAR
    MOHALLA, UDAYAGIRI570019
    9448281723 Mysore Circle 2
    46041 AAYUSHMAN
    MEDICALS
    # 2/206,
    DEVAIYANAHUNDI,SRIRAMPU
    RA, 2ND STAGE,570023
    9916688379 Mysore Circle 2
  • 45945 VENKATESHWARA MEDICALS
    # 42, SHOP # 2, 1ST MAIN,2ND
    CROSS, J.C.NAGAR,570011
    9901996913 Mysore Circle 2
  • 44508 DRUG CENTRE, JSS HOSPITAL[ JSS MEDICAL SERVICES TRUST]
    # 1219, FIRST FLOOR, JSS
    HOSPITAL,M.G.ROAD,570004
    9900182215 Mysore Circle 2
    23925 KARNATAKA MEDICAL
    & GENERAL STORES
    SHOP NO. 6-1-70 (O), 6-1-81
    (N)MAIN ROAD,
    9972891260 Raichur Circle
  • 34997 IMPANA MEDICALS KHATA NO.
    835A/15/86A/411/598/311A, GR
    FLIMPANA HOSPITAL,
    VIVEKANANDA NAGAR, B M
    ROAD,562159
    948880996 Ramanagara
    Circle
    39450 APARNA MEDICALS
    AND GENERAL
    STORES
    ROOM NO 03, S NO 36/1A,
    GROUND FLOOR,W
    NO04HOLEHONNUR ROAD
    VIDYA NAGAR
    9449699193 Shimogga Circle
  • 43354 OLO GOOD HEALTH
    PHARMA
    Ward No:19, Khata No:208-198-
    248 & 209-199-249,3rd Floor,
    Louisa Mansion, Old Post Office
    Road577202
    9916024333 Shimogga Circle
  • 45923 Malleshwara Pharma W No 8, K No 526-525-37-38/4,
    Shop No 1, Bellibetta
    Complex,Basaveshwar Nagar,
    2nd Cross, Savalanga
    Road,577201
    9916124199 Shimogga Circle
  • 46231 SARJI PHARMA W No 5, Plot No 11, UPOR No
    S12-5786, Ground Floor,Sarji
    Hospital Premises, R.M.R.
    Road, Park Extension,577201
    9448899572 Shimogga Circle

Functions of Hospital Pharmacy 🏥 PPT PDF

function of hospital pharmacy

Primary Function of Hospital Pharmacy⛑️:

  1. Selection of reliable suppliers
  2. storing and dispensing of Drugs
  3. Determining specifications of the required medicament
  4. Maintenance of manufacturing records🏪
  5. quality control of purchased and manufactured products🏥
  6. Manufacturing sterile & non sterile products
  7. Expecting and knowing the hospital demands🏥

What are functions of hospital pharmacy

Functions of hospital Pharmacy PPT

Functions of Hospital Pharmacy Management Panel:

  1. Ensure than all drugs are stored, dispensed correctly
  2.  check the accuracy of the dose prepared
  3. keep proper records and preparation of bills
  4. coordinate the over all pharmaceutical needs of the “patient care”
  5. ensure that the established policies and procedures laid down are
    followed.
  6. maintain professional competence
  7. communicate with all pharmacy staff regarding new developments
  8. co ordinate the activities of the area
  9. To maintain liaison between nurses
  10. Reviewing of drug administration in each patient
  11. provide instruction and assistance to junior Pharmacist
  12. co ordinate over all pharmaceutical services on the running unit level
  13. Identification of drugs bought into hospital by the patient
  14. Obtaining all medication history and communicating all information t
    the attending Physician
  15. assist in the selection of drug products and their identities
  16. monitor patient’s total drug therapy for:
    1)effectiveness 2)side effects 3) toxicity 4) allergic reactions 5)drug interaction
  17. Patient counseling
  18. Participating in cardio pulmonary emergencies
  19. provide in service training and information for:
    * the Pharmacists
    * the pharmacy students
    * nurses and nursing students
    * Physicians and medical students
  20. The pharmacist ensures that:
    • Proper techniques are used in extemporaneous compounding
    • Provides for adequate record keeping and billing
    • Correctly maintaining prescription files
    • Keep the outdoor pharmacy in a neat and tidy manner

General FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL PHARMACIST

  1. To provide and evaluate pharmaceutical services
  2. To draw a plan for hospital pharmacy administration
  3. To establish liaison between administrative authorities and medical Doctors.
  4. To estimate the requirements for the department and enforce the policies and procedures for the recruitment of adequate and competent staff
  5. To develop and maintain an effective system of clinical and administrative records and report
  6. Hope this functions of the hospitalfunctions of the hospital pharmacy helped you or given you an idea of what actually a Pharmacy does in a hospital premises. If you wanna add up any more functions of the hospital pharmacy you are always welcome to leave us a comment below so that we would add to the article updated with the interest of yours to give you powerful and informative content on your favourite website Pharma Wiki favourite website Pharma Wiki. We would like to hear from you and we keep you posted updated content everyday so keep and I honors thank you bye.

Oxytocin: Functions Drugs Side Effects Contraindications Pharmacokinetics Dynamics

Oxytocin: Functions Drugs Side Effects Contraindications Pharmacokinetics Dynamics

Oxytocin is a hormone, predominately belonging to mammalian family; it is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. After its release in the blood stream it cannot re-enter the brain due to the presence of blood brain barrier .Oxytocin is a hormone that has both peripheral and central actions. y are synthesized in the magnocellular neurons present in the supra–optic and Para –ventricular nucleus present in the hypothalamus. The universally known functions would include its role at the time of labour and ejection of milk. The functions which remain partially unknown are in erectile responses, ejaculation, bonding, and feeling of love and maintenance of eye contact during a conversation. 

Functions and roles of Oxytocin:

Oxytocin plays a key role in establishing trust , falling in love , parturition , milk ejection, mother – child bond , erection and ejaculatory response in males. Oxytocin insuffiency is leads to increased stress and sleep disturbances. The solution to the above mentioned problem lies in creating a drug which can mimic the functional properties of Oxytocin, which was achieved. Oxytocin has been widely used in the field of gynaecology to induce labour. It is also administered to patients i.e. mothers who are unable to produce milk after parturition. The invention of Oxytocin nasal sprays is not unknown. Recommended doses when administered to autism patients are proven to increase the sense of trust at the time of communication.

Mechanism of OXYTOCIN

Oxytocin is a naturally occurring nonapeptide hormone which acts through a G-protein coupled cell surface receptor to stimulate contractions of the uterus. A synthetic version of this hormone is used to induce contractions of the uterus which are indistinguishable from spontaneous labour.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxytocin is administered as a slow intravenous infusion (to induce or augment labour), or as a single intramuscular or intravenous injection to help prevent and treat uterine atony and postpartum haemorrhage. In pregnant women, oxytocin is metabolised very quickly in the maternal circulation by an aminopeptidase enzyme which cleaves the protein leaving it without biological function. This oxytocinase activity is also seen within the placenta and uterine tissue, and activity increases throughout pregnancy where at term the half -life of oxytocin is between 2 and 20 minutes.

Oxytocin: Functions Drugs Side Effects Contraindications Pharmacokinetics Dynamics

Adverse effects

The main side effects are related to overstimulation of the uterus which can compromise the placental blood supply and fetal well-being, and can also contribute to rupture of the uterus especially in women who have had a previous caesarean delivery. Oxytocin is similar in structure to Vasopressin which is also produced by the posterior pituitary, and prolonged administration with intravenous fluids may lead to fluid overload, pulmonary oedema and water intoxication.

Oxytocin Molecular Formula

It has a molecular formula of C43H66N12O12S 2.

Oxytocin drugs:

Oxytocin is also known as Pitocin, Syntocinon, Ocytocin, Endopituitrina, Oxitocina, Oxytocine, Oxytocinum, Oxytocic hormone and Orasthin.

It has a molecular formula of C43H66N12O12S 2. They are commercially available as intravenous and intramuscular injections , nasal sprays and sublingual tablets .The commonly used Anirudha kabilan /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 6(4), 2014, 220-223 221 drug types are pitocin and syntocinon, the chemical resemblance to Oxytocin makes them an ideal drug of choice for various cases for example at time if parturition . Pitocin is composed of oxtocic acid/ml along with chlorobutanol , a chloroform derivative. However medical supervision is mandatory to rule out the onset of complications (20,31). The general uses of these Oxytocin drugs would include induction of labour .Under appropriate level , at the time delivery, Oxytocin binds to the receptors present in the myometrium , activates the pathway of hydrolysis of phoshotidyl inositol and diacyl glycerol, there by activating the same. This activation causes the release of intracellular Ca+ which causes contraction of the uterus .In conditions associated with low level of Oxytocin production this process is carried out by Oxytocin drugs (29, 27) Incase of people suffering from autism, administration of pitocin is said to reduce repetitive behaviour and also enhances speech. Few researches have proved the improvement of trust in people affected by autism when they were given pitocin nasal sprays. It also enhances eye to eye contact in these individuals. Pitcoin helps in social interaction in people who suffer from schizophrenia . So pitocin may not only combat hallucinogens and psychosis, but also make human interaction easier . Being a new field if research there is not enough evidence to prove the role pitocin in both autism and schizophrenia. Further, they are also used to cure problems in erectile responses, ejaculation, depression, anxiety, and stress management

Dosage of Oxytocin:

10 units by intravenous route or 20-40 mUnit/min by Intramuscular route are injected for post partum haemorrhage. 0.5-1 mUnit/min by intravenous route for the induction of labour.10-20 mUnit/min is administered along with other drugs for termination of pregnancy.

Pharmacodynamics

Uterine contractions are seen after 3-5 minutes and approx 1 minute of aministration through intramuscular and intravenous routes respectively. A steady state of the drug is reached after 40 mins of parenteral route of administration. It is distributed throughout extracellular fluid compartment of the mother; small amounts may cross the placental barrier and reach foetus. Metabolism takes place rapidly via the liver and plasma by the enzyme oxytocinase a few steps of metabolism also takes place via mammary gland. It has a half-life of 1-5 minute. Kidney and liver help in the elimination of Oxytocin drugs( 9) unchanged form of this drug is rarely excreted in urine (30). Overdose can cause titanic uterine contractions, impaired blood flow to the uterus, uterine ruptures, seizures and amniotic fluid embolism contractions, impaired blood flow to the uterus, uterine ruptures, seizures and amniotic fluid embolism.

Contraindications:

Significant cephalopelvic disproportion
Unfavourable foetal positions
Obstetric emergencies which favours surgery
Hyperactive or hypertonic uterus
When vaginal delivery is contraindicated,
Anaphylactic patients, Foetal distress
Polyhydramnios
Partial placenta pervia
Elective labour induction

Side effects

 Nausea or vomiting
 Memory problems or confusion
 Runny nose, sore throat, or coughing
 severe headaches
 hallucinations
 vomiting
 confusion
 Seizures and severe hypertension

Clinical Scenario 1

 Which of the following abnormalities of labor is associated with a significantly increased incidence of neonatal
morbidity?
a. Prolonged latent phase
b. Protracted descent
c. Secondary arrest of dilation
d. Protracted active-phase dilation
Answer: c (Secondary arrest of dilation)
Explanation:
Three significant advances in the treatment of uterine dysfunction have reduced the risk of perinatal morbidity (PNM) and
mortality: (1) the avoidance of undue prolongation of labor, (2) the use of intravenous oxytocin in the treatment of some patterns
of uterine dysfunction, and (3) the liberal use of cesarean section (rather than midforceps) to affect delivery when oxytocin fails.

Clinical Scenario 2

Management of obstructed labor includes all, except:
[AIIMS May 2004]
a. IV fluids
b. Oxytocin use
c. Antibiotics
d. Cesarean section
Answer: b (Oxytocin use)
Explanation:
Two main principles in management of obstructed labor are:
1. Never wait and watch.
2. Never use oxytocin.
In patients of obstructed labor, the uterine contractions (power) are always adequate.
There is a problem with the passage or the passenger.
By increasing the power (by giving oxytocin) we are increasing the risk of rupture uterus.
It is like flogging a dead horse. Uterus is already contracting, and there is no point in increasing the contractions further in
a case of obstructed labor.
The patient should be given IV fluids to correct the dehydration and ketoacidosis, which usually develops due to prolonged
labor. Patient should be given antibiotics to prevent infection, and then steps should be taken to immediately relieve
the obstruction either by instrumental deliver or by LSCS. LSCS may have to be done even if the baby is dead and if vaginal
delivery is not possible, or else rupture uterus will occur.
NOTE: In cases of prolonged labor where there are hypotonic uterine contractions, oxytocin is justified.