Mpharm Practical Lab’s Experiment Manual

Experiments for Mpharm Pharmaceutics (Practical record)

This practical manual consists procedures and reports for the following list of experiments:

  1. PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS  2
  2. PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF  TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF IBUPROFEN   7
  3. PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCAL PATCH   11
  4. VALIDATION OF TABLET COATER   14
  5. VALIDATION OF TABLET PRESS  18
  6. VALIDATION OF LAMINAR AIR FLOW HOOD   24
  7. VALIDATION OF MEMBRANE FILTERS  27
  8. VALIDATION OF HOT-AIR OVEN   30
  9. EFFECT OF PERMEATION ENHANCERS ON DRUG PERMEATION THROUGH BIOLOGICALMEMBRANES  40
  10. VALIDATION OF COATING PAN   42
  11. PREPARATION OF KILLED BACTERIAL VACCINE  50
  12. VALIDATION OF TABLET PUNCHING MACHINE  52
  13. VALIDATION OF ASEPTIC ROOM    58
  14. VALIDATION OF AUTOCLAVE  61
  15. VALIDATION OF TRAY DRYER   64

    Download the entire record in pdf here

    Novel_Drug_Delivery_Systems_part 2_record

     

Dropbox – A must for Mpharm students and Research Scholars

 Dropbox

Dropbox is a free service that lets you bring all your photos, docs, and videos anywhere. This means that any file you save to your Dropbox will automatically save to all your computersphones and even the Dropbox website.

Dropbox vs Gmail

Dropbox is a file backup service. You may wonder why you want to use a online backup service when you already a Gmail where you can attach all your important files as email. And also Gmail offers a plenty of storage. Then why Dropbox.

 

Dropbox is Simple

Now to upload something into Gmail you have to open your Gmail, type in the passwords , login, compose mail, attach your files and then save it. But with Dropbox you simply have to save your files in a folder called Dropbox that is next to your “My Documents” folders. Its as simple as saving a file in My Documents Folder.

 

Dropbox folder is next to your My Documents folder
Dropbox folder is located next to your Documents folder

 

After you install the software on your computer you just need to register for a username and password and then you are all setup. The files you add to the folder will be backed up when you are connected to the internet. You dont have to do anything. All the backed up files can also be viewed from their website at dropbox.com also. So no more regrets that you forgot your laptop at home Smile

 Dropbox is Free

You will get 2.5 GB of Dropbox space for lifetime and its free. Click here

 

So people its good to save your project work or thesis in dropbox so that even if your computer crashes or is infected with virus, your work is safe.

(P.S.  I know how torturous it is when we lose our typed word doc or forget to save it)

 

With Regards

– Pharmawiki Team

(Dropbox indeed made my project work easier)

Web based resources for Computer Aided Drug Design

This pdf gives an exhaustive review on various websites which are helpful during CADD.

PDF Document – Resources for Computer Aided Drug Design

Title: Revolutionizing Drug Discovery: Computer-Aided Drug Design in the Pharmaceutical Sector

Introduction

The pharmaceutical industry has been revolutionized by the integration of computational techniques into drug discovery and development processes. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) has emerged as a powerful tool that accelerates and enhances the drug discovery process. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the applications, methodologies, challenges, and web-based resources associated with CADD in the pharmaceutical sector.

I. Understanding Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD)

A. What is CADD?

Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) refers to the use of computational techniques and tools to discover, design, and optimize new drug candidates. It encompasses various computational methods and algorithms that assist in the identification of potential drug molecules, predicting their interactions with biological targets, and optimizing their properties for therapeutic use.

B. Significance of CADD in Drug Discovery

CADD plays a pivotal role in drug discovery for several reasons:

Time and Cost Efficiency: CADD accelerates the drug discovery process by reducing the time and resources required for experimental screening.

Target Identification and Validation: CADD aids in the identification and validation of drug targets by predicting their biological relevance and druggability.

Lead Identification: It assists in identifying potential lead compounds with therapeutic potential from vast chemical libraries.

Lead Optimization: CADD optimizes lead compounds by predicting their pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and efficacy.

II. Key Applications of CADD in Pharma

A. Virtual Screening

Virtual screening involves the computational screening of chemical libraries to identify potential drug candidates that interact with a specific biological target. Techniques like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are employed for this purpose.

B. Structure-Based Drug Design

CADD allows researchers to design new drug molecules by analyzing the three-dimensional structure of biological targets, such as proteins or enzymes. This enables the rational design of molecules that fit into the target’s binding site.

C. Ligand-Based Drug Design

In ligand-based drug design, CADD relies on the knowledge of known active compounds to predict new drug candidates that have similar chemical and biological properties. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is a common technique in this approach.

D. ADMET Prediction

CADD aids in predicting the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of drug candidates. This information is vital for assessing a compound’s safety and efficacy.

III. Methodologies and Tools in CADD

A. Molecular Docking

Molecular docking is a fundamental technique in CADD that predicts the binding mode and affinity of a small molecule to a target protein. Tools like AutoDock and AutoDock Vina are widely used for docking studies.

B. Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations involve modeling the movement and interactions of atoms and molecules over time. This method provides insights into the dynamic behavior of biomolecular systems.

C. QSAR Modeling

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling correlates the chemical structure of compounds with their biological activity. QSAR models are valuable for predicting the activity of new compounds.

D. Pharmacophore Modeling

Pharmacophore modeling identifies the essential features of a molecule required for binding to a target. This helps in designing new compounds with specific pharmacological properties.

IV. Challenges in CADD

While CADD offers immense potential, it also faces challenges:

A. Data Quality and Quantity

CADD relies heavily on data. Insufficient or low-quality data can affect the accuracy of predictions.

B. Computational Resources

Performing complex simulations and calculations requires substantial computational power and resources.

C. Accuracy of Predictions

CADD predictions are based on models and assumptions, which may not always accurately represent the real-world complexity of biological systems.

D. Validation and Experimental Verification

CADD predictions must be experimentally validated to ensure their reliability, adding time and cost to the drug discovery process.

V. Web-Based Resources for CADD

The internet offers a wealth of web-based resources for CADD practitioners:

A. Databases and Repositories

PubChem: A vast database of chemical compounds and biological activities.
Protein Data Bank (PDB): Provides access to 3D structures of biological macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids.
ChemSpider: Offers compound information, including chemical structures, properties, and links to literature.

B. Software and Tools

Cheminformatics Tools: Platforms like RDKit and Cheminformatics.org provide cheminformatics software for data analysis and visualization.
Molecular Docking Tools: Autodock, Autodock Vina, and SwissDock are popular docking software.
Molecular Dynamics Simulators: GROMACS and AMBER are widely used for molecular dynamics simulations.

C. Online Courses and Tutorials

Several online courses and tutorials are available for individuals interested in learning CADD methodologies, tools, and applications.

VI. Future Directions in CADD

CADD continues to evolve and shape the pharmaceutical industry. Future directions include:

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: The integration of AI and machine learning algorithms for predictive modeling and drug discovery.
Big Data Integration: Leveraging big data analytics to improve data quality and accuracy.
Personalized Medicine: Tailoring drug design to individual patient profiles for more effective and safer treatments.

Conclusion

Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) has transformed the pharmaceutical sector, offering efficient and cost-effective solutions for drug discovery and development. With advancements in methodologies, tools, and web-based resources, CADD has become an indispensable tool for researchers striving to bring innovative and effective medications to market. As technology continues to advance, CADD’s role in shaping the future of drug discovery remains pivotal.