Contents of the powerpoint on magnetic microspheres – drug delivery system include:
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
RATIONALE OF THE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
PRINCIPLE OF MAGNETIC DRUG TARGETING
FORMULATION
PREPARATION OF MAGNETIC MICROSPHERES
CHARACTERIZATION
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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Contents of the powerpoint on Introduction to Bioinformatics include:
Introduction
Data bases
DNA sequence data
Biological data
Molecular biology
DNA and RNA
Bioinformatics software
Personalized medicine
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Molecular modelling
Drug docking
Applications
Conclusion
References
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Contents of the powerpoint on Intranasal Drug Delivery include:
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF NASAL CAVITY
BARRIERS TO NASAL ABSORPTION
FACTORS INFLUENCING NASAL DRUG ABSORPTION
STRATEGIES TO INCREASE NASAL DRUG ABSORPTION
NOSE TO BRAIN DELIVERY
INTRANASAL DELIVERY OF VACCINES
INTRANASAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEINE DRUGS
ANIMAL MODELS FOR NASAL ABSORPTION STUDIES
THERAPEUTIC AREAS SUTIABLE FOR INTRANASAL DELIVERY
CONCLUSION
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Contents of the powerpoint on International Organisation of Standardisation (ISO) include:
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
PURPOSE
WHAT STANDARDS MATTER
ISO BRAND
EXAMPLES
ELEMENTS OF THE STANDARDS
THE ISO 9000 SERIES
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9000 QMS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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Contents of the powerpoint on Clinical Trials a primer include:
Introduction on Drug Development Process
Understanding Clinical Trials
Types of clinical trials
Clinical trial protocol
Regulatory bodies governing clinical trials
Ethics in Clinical Drug Research
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Study Designs
Clinical Trials in India
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Contents of the powerpoint on Cell junctions – Structure and role include:
Plasma membrane its structure & components
Extracellular matrix & its role
Types of cell junctions
Tight junctions molecular structure & role
– Blood brain barrier
Adherens junctions structure & role
Desmosomes structure & role
Hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions
Gap junctions structure & function
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References
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Primary standard is a compound of sufficient purity from which standard solutions of known normalities can be prepared by direct weighing of it and diluting to a defined volume of solution.
Examples
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Sodium borate Na2B4O7 Potassium hydrogen iodate KH(IO3)2 Pure metals and their salts like Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn, Ag, AgNO3 , NaCl, KCl, KBr – used in Acid base titrations K2Cr2O7, KBrO3, KIO3, KI(IO3)2, NaC2O4, As2O3, pure iron – used in redox titrations
Eligibility criteria for a primary standard
A primary standard should satisfy the following conditions
primary standard
should be very pure
should neither be deliquescent (absorbing moisture) nor efflorescent (losing water)
should have high molecular weight so that weighing errors can be minimised
should be chemically stable
shall be readily soluble under given conditions
it should react stoichiometrically
For more information one can read Benteley and Driver’s Textbook of Qualitative chemical analysis
Primary drinking water standards:
Primary standards and treatment techniques protect public health by limiting the levels of contaminants in drinking water. Microorganisms Disinfectants Disinfection Byproducts Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Radionuclides
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG) – The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. Treatment Technique (TT) – A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) – The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) are here:
Contaminant MCLG1 (mg/L)2 MCL or TT1 (mg/L)2 Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Cryptosporidium zero TT3 Gastrointestinal illness (such as diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps) Human and animal fecal waste Giardia lamblia zero TT3 Gastrointestinal illness (such as diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps) Human and animal fecal waste Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) n/a TT3 HPC has no health effects; it is an analytic method used to measure the variety of bacteria that are common in water. The lower the concentration of bacteria in drinking water, the better maintained the water system is. HPC measures a range of bacteria that are naturally present in the environment Legionella zero TT3 Legionnaire’s Disease, a type of pneumonia Found naturally in water; multiplies in heating systems Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. Coli) Quick reference guide zero 5.0%4 Not a health threat in itself; it is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present5 Coliforms are naturally present in the environment; as well as feces; fecal coliforms and E. coli only come from human and animal fecal waste.
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