Top Pharmacy Universities in Canada for MS in Pharmacy – Guide

MS in Canada - Pharmacy Guide

Navigating Excellence: Top Pharmacy Universities in Canada for MS in Pharmacy
Introduction

Canada’s higher education system is renowned for its quality and diversity, offering a wide array of academic programs for international students. Among the numerous disciplines, pharmacy education in Canada stands out as one of the most sought-after fields, given the growing demand for skilled healthcare professionals. This comprehensive guide explores the top pharmacy universities in Canada for pursuing a Master of Science (MS) in Pharmacy. We delve into the significance of choosing the right university, the offerings of these institutions, admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, and the rewarding career prospects that await graduates.

Overview of the Canadian Education System

Canada boasts a robust and globally recognized education system. It consistently ranks among the top destinations for international students due to its high academic standards, diverse student communities, and welcoming environment.

Growing Demand for Pharmacy Graduates

The healthcare landscape in Canada is evolving, with an aging population and increased emphasis on preventive care. This shift has created a growing demand for healthcare professionals, including pharmacists. Pursuing an MS in Pharmacy in Canada can lead to rewarding career opportunities both within the country and internationally.

Importance of Choosing the Right University

Selecting the right university for your pharmacy education is a pivotal decision that can significantly impact your career prospects. It’s crucial to consider several factors when making this choice.

Impact of University Choice on Career Prospects

The reputation of the university you attend can greatly influence your employability and career trajectory. Many employers, especially in the healthcare sector, value degrees from well-regarded institutions.

Factors to Consider when Selecting a Pharmacy Program

Accreditation: Ensure that the program you choose is accredited by relevant authorities and recognized internationally.

Research Opportunities: Universities with strong research programs offer students the chance to engage in cutting-edge pharmaceutical research.

Location: Consider the geographical location and whether it aligns with your personal preferences and career goals.

Cost and Financial Aid: Evaluate the total cost of your education, including tuition, living expenses, and available financial aid options.

Alumni Network: A robust alumni network can provide valuable connections and mentorship opportunities.

Top Pharmacy Universities in Canada

Canada is home to several world-class universities that offer exceptional pharmacy programs. Let’s explore some of the top choices:

University of Toronto

Academic Excellence: The University of Toronto consistently ranks among the top pharmacy programs globally, known for its rigorous curriculum and outstanding faculty.

Research Opportunities: The university boasts numerous research centers and labs, offering students unparalleled opportunities to engage in cutting-edge research.

Notable Alumni: Graduates of the University of Toronto’s pharmacy program have gone on to achieve remarkable success in various sectors of the pharmaceutical industry.

University of British Columbia (UBC)

Robust Curriculum: UBC’s pharmacy program is known for its comprehensive curriculum, which covers a wide range of pharmaceutical topics.

Research Initiatives: The university actively promotes research, providing students with access to state-of-the-art laboratories and research facilities.

Campus Life: UBC’s beautiful campus, located in Vancouver, offers a vibrant and diverse student community.

University of Alberta

Strong Focus on Pharmacy Research: The University of Alberta emphasizes research, making it an ideal choice for students interested in pursuing research-oriented careers.

Collaborative Learning Environment: The program fosters collaboration among students, encouraging teamwork and innovation.

Industry Connections: The university has strong ties to the pharmaceutical industry, providing students with networking opportunities and potential internships.

University of Waterloo

Co-op Opportunities: Waterloo’s pharmacy program offers co-op opportunities that allow students to gain practical experience in various healthcare settings.

Interdisciplinary Approach: The university encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, exposing students to a wide range of healthcare perspectives.

Technological Advancements: Waterloo incorporates cutting-edge technology into its pharmacy curriculum, preparing students for the digital healthcare landscape.

McGill University

Bilingual Program: Located in Montreal, McGill offers a bilingual pharmacy program, allowing students to enhance their language skills while studying.

Research Centers of Excellence: The university hosts renowned research centers focused on pharmaceutical sciences.

Global Perspective: McGill’s diverse student body and global connections provide students with a global perspective on pharmacy practice.

University of Manitoba

Innovative PharmD Program: Manitoba offers a unique Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program that combines practical training with coursework.

Clinical Experience: The program provides extensive clinical experience, preparing students for real-world pharmacy practice.

Community Engagement: The University of Manitoba actively engages with the community, fostering a sense of social responsibility among students.

University of Saskatchewan

Rural and Remote Health Emphasis: Located in Saskatoon, the program places a strong emphasis on pharmacy practice in rural and remote areas.

Indigenous Health Initiatives: The university is committed to Indigenous health, offering opportunities for students to engage with Indigenous communities.

Clinical Placements: Students benefit from a wide range of clinical placements, gaining diverse experiences in healthcare settings.

Dalhousie University

Eastern Canada’s Premier Program: Dalhousie’s College of Pharmacy is a leading institution in Eastern Canada, offering a comprehensive pharmacy program.

Research Opportunities: The university actively promotes research in pharmaceutical sciences, allowing students to engage in meaningful research projects.

Maritime Charm: Located in Halifax, Dalhousie University provides students with a unique maritime cultural experience.

Université de Montréal

Francophone Excellence: The University of Montreal offers a francophone pharmacy program for those seeking to study in French.

Clinical Pharmacy Focus: The program places a strong emphasis on clinical pharmacy practice, preparing students for patient-centered care.

Vibrant Cultural Scene: Located in Montreal, the university offers students access to a vibrant cultural scene.

Admission Requirements

Admission requirements for pharmacy programs in Canada typically include the following:

Common Admission Prerequisites

Bachelor’s Degree: A completed bachelor’s degree, often with specific prerequisite courses in biology, chemistry, and mathematics.

Academic Transcripts: Submission of official academic transcripts from all previously attended institutions.

Letters of Recommendation: Usually, two to three letters of recommendation from academic or professional sources.

Statement of Intent: A personal statement outlining your academic and career goals.

Interview: Some programs may require an interview as part of the admission process.

Standardized Tests (if applicable)
English Language Proficiency: For international students, proof of English language proficiency is often required, typically through tests like TOEFL or IELTS.

Scholarships and Financial Aid – CANADA

Pursuing higher education can be a significant financial investment. Fortunately, there are various scholarship and financial aid options available to international students pursuing pharmacy programs in Canada.

Government Scholarships and Grants

Canadian Government Scholarships: The Canadian government offers various scholarships and grants to international students, including the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships and the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program.

University-specific Scholarships

Entrance Scholarships: Many universities offer scholarships specifically for incoming international students based on academic merit.

Pharmacy Program Scholarships: Some pharmacy programs have scholarships designated for pharmacy students.

External Funding Sources

International Scholarships: Various organizations, both public and private, offer scholarships to international students pursuing higher education in Canada.

Pharmaceutical Industry Scholarships: Some pharmaceutical companies offer scholarships to students pursuing pharmacy degrees.

Career Opportunities and Networking of Canada

Pharmacy programs in Canada provide numerous opportunities for students to build their careers and professional networks.

Cooperative Education and Internship Programs

Co-op Opportunities: Several pharmacy programs in Canada offer co-op or internship opportunities, allowing students to gain hands-on experience in healthcare settings.
Career Services and Support

Career Guidance: Universities often provide career counseling services to help students explore career options and prepare for job searches.

Job Placement: Some programs have strong connections with employers in the healthcare industry, facilitating job placement for graduates.

Professional Associations and Networking Events

Pharmacy Associations: Joining professional associations like the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA) can provide access to networking events and resources.

Conferences and Seminars: Universities frequently host conferences, seminars, and workshops, offering students opportunities to network with industry professionals.

Life as an International Student

Studying abroad is not just about academics; it’s also about adapting to a new culture and environment.

Cultural Adaptation

Orientation Programs: Most universities offer orientation programs to help international students acclimate to Canadian culture and campus life.

International Student Services: Dedicated services and support are available to assist international students with immigration, housing, and cultural integration.

Student Accommodation

On-Campus Housing: Many universities provide on-campus housing options for international students.

Off-Campus Housing: Alternatively, students can explore off-campus housing options near the university.

Campus Facilities and Resources

Library and Research Facilities: Access to well-equipped libraries and research facilities is essential for academic success.

Health Services: Universities typically have health services to address students’ medical needs.

Challenges and Opportunities in Canadian Pharmacy Education

While Canadian pharmacy programs offer exceptional opportunities, they also come with their set of challenges and opportunities:

Current Trends in Pharmacy Education

Shift towards Clinical Focus: Pharmacy education is evolving to place a stronger emphasis on clinical skills and patient-centered care.

Interprofessional Collaboration: Collaboration among healthcare professionals is becoming increasingly important, with pharmacy graduates playing vital roles in healthcare teams.

Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities

Adapting to Technological Advancements: Pharmacy students are adapting to digital tools and technology, which are transforming healthcare practices.

Embracing Diversity and Inclusion: Pharmacy programs are focusing on diversity and inclusion to better serve diverse patient populations.

Conclusion

Choosing the right university for your MS in Pharmacy in Canada is a decision that can shape your future career. The top pharmacy programs in Canada offer a wealth of opportunities for academic and professional growth. By considering factors like program offerings, location, and financial aid options, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your goals. A pharmacy degree from a prestigious Canadian institution not only opens doors to rewarding career opportunities but also allows you to contribute to the evolving landscape of healthcare in Canada and beyond.

References

Cite sources and references used in the article.

University of Toronto – Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy:

Website: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy

University of British Columbia (UBC) – Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences:

Website: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

University of Alberta – Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences:

Website: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

University of Waterloo – School of Pharmacy:

Website: School of Pharmacy

McGill University – Faculty of Pharmacy:

Website: Faculty of Pharmacy

University of Manitoba – College of Pharmacy:

Website: College of Pharmacy

University of Saskatchewan – College of Pharmacy and Nutrition:

Website: College of Pharmacy and Nutrition

Dalhousie University – College of Pharmacy:

Website: College of Pharmacy

Université de Montréal – Faculté de pharmacie (French Language):

Website: Faculté de pharmacie

This comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into pursuing an MS in Pharmacy in Canada. It covers the top universities, admission requirements, financial aid options, and the exciting career prospects awaiting graduates. By understanding the importance of university choice and considering the factors that matter most to you, you can embark on a successful academic and professional journey in the field of pharmacy.

Disclaimer:

Please note that it’s essential to visit each university’s official website. So, for the most up-to-date and accurate information regarding their pharmacy programs, admission requirements, and application procedures you need to visit individual official websites.

PEBC Indian Pharmacy Graduates Guide Registered CANADIAN PHARMACIST & Pharma Assistant

Pharmacy is a key sector of the economy in Canada. There are many different types of pharmacies, such as independent and community pharmacy, drug stores, hospital pharmacies, laboratories and clinics. The scope of pharmacy education has been expanding in different areas. In the past few years there has been a rise in the number of pharmacist schools and more universities offering Pharmacy degrees. This growth is due to the increasing demand for pharmacists and their knowledge about drugs, patient care and pharmaceutical products. .Scoring and Qualifications of Pharmacy Degrees There are different types of degrees available in pharmacy, some more rigorous than others. The degree requirements can vary depending on the university offering the program and where it is offered. In addition to basic undergraduate courses, a number of pharmaceutical related programs are available at postgraduate level. These programs include pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry.

Canadian PEBC Certification Process for International Students

The process of becoming a licensed pharmacist in Canada involves completing a series of Exams with few steps. There are 3 steps to achieving PEBC pharmacist certification:

STEP 1

DOCUMENT EVALUATION – You must pass this evaluation of your educational and professional credentials to be eligible to take the Pharmacist Evaluating Examination.

STEP 2

THE PHARMACIST EVALUATING EXAMINATION – You must pass this examination to be eligible for the Pharmacist Qualifying Examination – Parts I (MCQ) and II (OSCE).

STEP 3

THE PHARMACIST QUALIFYING EXAMINATION, PART I (MCQ) and PART II (OSCE) – Your final step to qualifying for certification with PEBC. When you have passed both Parts of the examination you will be certified and registered with PEBC.

Documents Required for Canada Pharmacist Exam

The process of becoming a licensed pharmacist in Canada involves PEBC certification. For these exams is the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) Qualifying Examination One need to have a Pharmacy graduate Degree. PEBC will evaluate your degree convocation marks lists of all the years of your academics documents to ensure you have a degree in Pharmacy that is acceptable.

  • PEBC Document Evaluation application.

You must pass document evaluation before you qualify to apply for the Evaluating Examination.

 

  • Language Proficiency Requirements
    Language Proficiency Tests are not required by the PEBC. However, Provincial Regulatory Authorities do require these tests.

PEBC recommends you contact the regulatory authority for the province in which you are seeking licensure to receive full information regarding language fluency requirements.

THE PHARMACIST EVALUATING EXAMINATION

Pharmacist Examination is a very important and time-consuming task. It involves gathering information from a large number of sources, analyzing it and then presenting the results in a clear and accurate way.
The pharmacist is the person who has to answer questions about medicines and their properties. This role is very important as it involves a lot of knowledge and experience.

This section will be on question Multiple Answer and Test Questions.

PART 1 – MCQ

 

The PEBC Qualifying Examination for pharmacists has consisted of two components: Part I is the multiple-choice question examination and Part II is a performance assessment. Part II is known as an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). It is designed to assess communications/interpersonal skills, the application of knowledge to simulations of commonly encountered patient scenarios and other aspects of professional competence that do not lend well to written examinations. The competencies to be assessed through both the written and practice-based exams are those adopted (or adapted) by all member provinces of the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA).

PEBC implemented the PEBC Qualifying Examination for pharmacy technicians, also consisting of a multiple-choice examination (Part I) and performance-based examination (Part II), the Objective Structured Performance Examination (OSPE). The examination will be implemented in provinces as they move forward with regulation of pharmacy technicians. Once licensed in their own province, pharmacy technicians will be integrated into all PEBC examination administration and assessment processes.

COST

Pharmacy is a challenging field and is not as lucrative as other professions. This article will help students and professionals understand the costs associated with studying pharmacy in Canada

 

Fees -Cost for whole process of Registered Pharmacists

Document Evaluation & Examination
Document Evaluation $685 Rupees 41,689.

US Document Evaluation $250 Rupees 1526

Evaluating Examination (2023 fee) $890 Rupees 54,314

Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ) $825 Rupees 50,347

Qualifying Examination – Part II (OSCE) $1,855 Rupees 1,13,205

Only if you have money on account with PEBC
Examination Re-scoring (Hand scoring)
Evaluating Examination
$100

Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ)
$100

Qualifying Examination – Part II (OSCE)
$200

Examination Rescheduling
Evaluating Examination $43 +HST
Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ) $43 +HST
Paid directly to Prometric when rescheduling, if applicable

Miscellaneous
Certificate Replacement $100

Sending Licensing Statement/Good Standing Certificate to Provincial Regulatory Authority $100

ECA Report Request $100

A total of TWO LAKH SIXTY THOUSAND RUPEES FOR REGISTERED PHARMACIST

Fees -Cost for whole process of Registered Pharmacy Technicians

Examination
Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ) $560 34,175.36 Indian Rupee

Qualifying Examination – Part II (OSPE) $1,170 71,402.09 Indian Rupee

Only if you have money on account with PEBC
Examination Re-scoring
Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ) $100

Qualifying Examination – Part II (OSPE) $200

Examination Rescheduling
Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ) $43 +HST
Paid directly to Prometric when rescheduling, if applicable

Miscellaneous
International Evaluation $1,500

Certificate Replacement
$100

Study Tips to become a Pharmacist by clearing your Evaluating Examination PEBC:

What is EE? It is nothing but abbreviation for evaluating examination. It is the basic examination in which every foreign graduates who haven’t completed their degree from Canada. Candidate have to appear in this examination as the name indicates it’s. Evaluating means it will evaluate your degree. This examination will evaluate your degree or your knowledge so that you can appear in the upcoming qualifying examination that is MCQ as well as Osci.

  • work hard
  • study for longer durations
  • make own timetable
  • routine your 24 hours
  • Keep Syllabus copy in front of study table
  • List out topics that are important and in whichever topics you have to study in detail
  • Take  one course and follow it strictly
  • Follow CTC CTMA books for therapeutics
  • Group study in the starting days of your preparation
  • Smart work
  • Daily schedule Consistent Focus

 

 

PEBC – Canada Registered Pharmacist EXAM Question Paper with Answers PDF

PEBC Exam paper

Pharmacist Evaluating Examination Sample Questions are given here with answers. The questions are designed to test the knowledge of pharmacists and their ability to apply it in their daily practice. Generally, the exam is divided into two parts, namely a written part and a practical part. The written part consists of multiple choice questions which can be answered using different options provided by the question. On the other hand, the practical OSCE is Part 2 of the examination. The questions here provided are just for practice and based on previous paper or another similar one from the sample paper.

 

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

 

  • Folic acid has tetrahydrofolate coenzyme activity which is based on the:
  1. pyrimidine
  2. purine
  3. pyrazine
  4. pteridine
  5. pyridine

 

  • Which of the following releases enkephalins?
  1. Pineal gland
  2. Thyroid gland
  3. Periaqueductal grey matter
  4. Reticular activating system
  5. Pituitary gland

 

  • β-Carotene is the precursor of:
  1. retinoic

 

  • Which of the following statements regarding transcription is correct?
  1. The enzyme responsible for initiating transcription is RNA
  2. The enzyme responsible for initiating transcription is DNA
  3. During transcription, the genetic information contained in the nucleotide sequence of tRNA is translated into a protein
  4. The process of transcription includes the splicing of
  5. Following initiation, the next stage of transcription is

 

  • Which of the following organisms is an obligate intracellular bacteria, making it resistant to cell wall-active antibiotics?
  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Legionella pneumophila
  3. Staphylococcus aureus
  4. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  5. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

 

  • Which of the following blood vessels transports nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver?
  1. Hepatic artery
  2. Hepatic portal vein
  3. Great saphenous vein
  4. Inferior vena cava
  5. Superior vena cava

 

  • The blood volume of the average adult is approximately:
  1. 5
  2. 10
  3. 15
  4. 20
  5. 25

 

  • In adults, community-acquired pneumonia caused by which of the following organisms is associated with the highest mortality rate?
  1. Chlamydophila pneumoniae
  2. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii

 

  • Which of the following is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
  1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid
  2. Dopamine
  3. Glutamate
  4. Acetylcholine
  5. Glycine

 

  • Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from viral RNA?
  1. Reverse transcriptase
  2. DNA polymerase
  3. RNA polymerase
  4. Endonuclease
  5. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

 

  • Of the essential transition metal ions found in the human body, the one present at highest overall concentration is:

 

 

  • The optic disc is also called the:
  1. blind
  2. macula

 

  • If systemic blood pressure decreases, which of the following would occur to help return blood pressure to normal?
  1. Increased urine production
  2. Increased acetylcholine release
  3. Increased aldosterone secretion
  4. Increased diameter of systemic arterioles
  5. Increased erythropoietin production

 

  • Which of the following muscle groups are innervated by the sciatic nerve?
  1. Calf muscles
  2. Deep back muscles
  3. Shoulder muscles
  4. Quadriceps femoris muscles
  5. Abdominal muscles

 

  • Which of the following does NOT empty its contents into the gastrointestinal tract?
  1. Liver
  2. Pancreas
  3. Spleen
  4. Submandibular gland
  5. Appendix

 

  • Achieving a high level of herd immunity is an important public health strategy because it:
  1. reduces immunization costs in
  2. enhances individual immunologic
  3. facilitates animal
  4. protects people who cannot be
  5. requires fewer booster

 

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

 

  • All of the following statements concerning the lyophilization of a parenteral product are correct,

EXCEPT:

  1. there is minimal loss of activity in heat labile
  2. the liquid must be frozen to below the eutectic
  3. the solute usually forms an amorphous
  4. the eutectic temperature is the freezing point of the drug
  5. water is removed from the frozen mixture by

 

  • Dopamine is useful in the treatment of cardiogenic shock because it:
  1. selectively dilates renal and mesenteric vascular
  2. does not induce peripheral
  3. decreases the force of myocardial
  4. delays the atrioventricular (AV) conduction
  5. prolongs the QT interval on the

 

  • Concentration of a drug in breast milk exceeds that in plasma, if the drug:
  1. is
  2. is protein
  3. is acidic but not protein
  4. has a small volume of
  5. has a large volume of

 

  • Drug A is administered by continuous IV infusion at a rate of 2 mg/min. It has an average half-life of
    • h and a volume of distribution of 150 L in an average 70 kg patient. Using this information, what is the steady-state concentration of Drug A in plasma?
  1. 5 mg/L
  2. 7 mg/L
  3. 1 mg/L
  4. 4 mg/L
  5. 7 mg/L

 

21

Valproic acid is metabolized by aliphatic hydroxylation to the above two structures. The relationship between the two metabolites illustrates the concept of:

  1. conformational
  2. structural
  3. geometric
  4. optical

 

 

  • Which of the following medications induces an isoform of cytochrome P450?
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Clarithromycin
  3. Amiodarone
  4. Metronidazole
  5. Bosentan

 

  • Diazepam Injection U.S.P Diazepam 5 mg/ml

Ethanol 10%

Propylene glycol 40%

Benzyl alcohol 1.5%

Water for Injection qs 100%

In the formulation given above, propylene glycol functions as a(n):

 

  • Which of the following directly influences the in vitro physical stability of an oil-in-water emulsion in which the drug is incorporated in the dispersed phase?
  1. Amount of preservative added
  2. Molecular weight of the drug
  3. Solubility of the emulsifier in water
  4. Particle size of the internal phase
  5. Type of suspending agent used

 

  • Abatacept acts by:
  1. stimulating adenosine
  2. binding to MHC Class II on B
  3. inhibiting B cell
  4. activating T cell
  5. binding CD80/86 on antigen-presenting

 

  • With respect to bioequivalence, the parameter “Cmax” is:
  1. affected by the extent of absorption
  2. affected by the rate of absorption
  3. affected by neither rate nor extent of
  4. affected by both rate and extent of
  5. the only significant

 

27

The above structures are related to one another as:

  1. positional (structural)

 

  • Five subjects given a single intravenous dose of a drug have the following elimination half-lives: 3, 9, 6, 5, and 4 h (hours). The mean half-life is:
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 5.4 h.
  4. 5.8 h.
  5. 6 h.

 

  • Reasons for using coatings on tablets include all of the following, EXCEPT:
  1. to mask the taste of the
  2. to mask the odor of the
  3. to improve the appearance of the
  4. to increase the drug’s release
  5. to protect the drug from stomach

 

  • Which of the following terms indicates a loss of moisture?
  1. Deliquescence
  2. Efflorescence
  3. Hygroscopicity
  4. Polymorphism
  5. Condensation

 

 

  • Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding tablet formulation?
  1. Diluents are fillers to add bulk to the
  2. Lubricants help the patient to swallow the tablet more
  3. Binding agents may be added dry or in
  4. Disintegrants draw water into the tablet causing it to
  5. Glidants promote the flow of materials during

 

  • Factors that determine bioequivalence of two brands of a drug include the:
  1. taste of the
  2. physical appearance of the
  3. pharmacokinetic parameters of the
  4. cost of the
  5. package size of the

 

 

  • The total body clearance of a drug is 200 mL/min in a normal healthy adult and the renal clearance is 10 mL/min. This is most likely explained by the fact that the drug:
  1. is extensively
  2. accumulates in patients with moderate renal failure
  3. undergoes significant entero-hepatic
  4. is not bound to plasma
  5. is concentrated in adipose

 

  • The major pathway for the biotransformation of the following compound is by hydrolysis. Identify the site which would be most susceptible to
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

 

  • Imatinib is an anticancer agent used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia that acts by inhibiting the activity of:
  1. tyrosine kinase of Bcr-Abl.
  2. tyrosine kinase of HER-2.
  3. tyrosine kinase of
  4. histone
  5. serine/threonine kinase

 

  • Which of the following diuretics is used to block the Na+-H+ exchange system of the renal tubule?
  1. Furosemide
  2. Hydrochlorothiazide
  3. Spironolactone
  4. Acetazolamide
  5. Amiloride

 

  • Atropine poisoning can be recognized by all of the following signs or symptoms, EXCEPT:
  1. dry
  2. flushed
  3. delirium and restlessness.

 

  • The organophosphates commonly found in insecticides are thought to act by which of the following mechanisms?
  1. Combining with acetylcholine
  2. Potentiating the action of acetylcholinesterase
  3. Forming a very stable complex with acetylcholinesterase
  4. Reacting at the cholinergic receptor
  5. Preventing the release of acetylcholine from the nerve ending

 

  • Which of the following is a selective adrenergic beta1-blocker with endothelium-dependent vasodilating properties?
  1. Nebivolol
  2. Metoprolol
  3. Acebutolol
  4. Nadolol
  5. Carvedilol

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of monoclonal antibody drug therapies?
  1. Flu-like symptoms commonly occur at the start of
  2. T cells are stimulated and will initiate a host rejection
  3. Adalimumab is a murine-derived immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody
  4. Use of chimeric monoclonal antibodies is associated with increased
  5. Use of Fc fragments avoids raising an immune response against the FAB

 

  • In some parenteral formulations, sodium metabisulphite is included as:
  1. an
  2. a
  3. a
  4. a
  5. an

 

  • The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide is structurally classified as a:

 

  • Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding virus vectors used in the production of biotechnology drugs?
  1. Viruses can be introduced by
  2. Viruses can be generated by an infected production cell
  3. The most frequent source of virus introduction is the growth
  4. Viruses can be inactivated by physical or chemical treatment of the
  5. There is a trend toward using better-defined growth media in which serum levels are significantly reduced.

 

  • Which of the following excipients is NOT commonly found in biotechnology formulations?
  1. Albumin
  2. Lysine
  3. Tween 20
  4. Saline
  5. Phosphate

 

  • An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for which both renal elimination and metabolism are important in the elimination of the drug and its active metabolites is:

 

  • Once daily dosing of aminoglycosides is effective due to:
  1. prolonged residence of the antibiotic in the
  2. post-antimicrobial
  3. enhanced tissue
  4. reduced renal
  5. higher peak-trough

 

  • How much NaCl is required to make 100 mL of isotonic 5% phenylephrine HCl solution? (NaCl equivalent of phenylephrine HCl is 0.32)
  1. 100 mg
  2. 300 mg
  3. 500 mg
  4. 740 mg
  5. 900 mg

 

  • Which of the following nonparenteral routes of administration yields the best bioavailability of biotechnology protein drugs?
  1. Oral
  2. Rectal
  3. Ocular
  4. Pulmonary
  5. Transdermal

 

  • Theoretically, the shelf life of a pharmaceutical tablet preparation is best measured by a change in which of the following?
  1. Permeability of the drug
  2. Dissolution of the drug
  3. Strength of the drug
  4. Solubility of the drug
  5. Partitioning of the drug

 

  • A drug that is considered to be low clearance and is metabolized entirely by the liver is sensitive to changes in:
  1. drug binding to plasma
  2. bile
  3. hepatic blood
  4. renal blood
  5. p-glycoprotein transport

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct about transdermal drug administration?
  1. Most drugs can permeate the skin and enter the systemic
  2. Transdermal absorption achieves a fast onset of drug
  3. The skin is tolerant to most drugs and chemicals in transdermal delivery
  4. Transdermal administration produces minimal variations in drug
  5. Hair follicles are a determinant in limiting transdermal drug

 

  • Two drugs (Drug A and Drug B) were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg to two subjects. Drug A was administered intravenously and Drug B was administered orally. Plasma samples were collected

and concentrations of both drugs were measured. A semilog plot of concentration vs. time is shown below. The concentration of Drug A is represented by the solid line and Drug B by the dashed line.

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. The absorption rate constants for Drug A and Drug B can be estimated from the
  2. Drug B has a lower clearance than Drug
  3. Drug A has a larger distribution volume than Drug
  4. Drug B has a higher plasma protein binding than Drug
  5. The volume of distribution for Drug A can be estimated from the

 

  • Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at the central presynaptic alpha2-adrenergic receptors?
  1. Clonidine
  2. Terazosin
  3. Mirtazapine
  4. Risperidone
  5. Venlafaxine

 

  • A monoclonal antibody was tested in patients using the following dose ranges and resulted in the following t1/2 values:

Dose                  Half-life

0.2 mg/kg           2 days

  • mg/kg 8 days
  • mg/kg 18 days
  • mg/kg 18 days

5 mg/kg            18 days

What is the reason for the dose-dependent t1/2? The biologic drug:

  1. eliminates primarily by the lymphatic system at lower
  2. eliminates primarily by the liver resulting in nonlinear
  3. eliminates by
  4. distributes rapidly to peripheral organs at lower
  5. exhibits target-mediated drug

 

  • Pravastatin inhibits:
  1. PCSK9
  2. lipoprotein
  3. vascular oxidative
  4. scavenger receptor
  5. HDL

 

  • In a manufacturing setting, which of the following methods is the most appropriate to use for sterilization of plastic (PVC) tubing?
  1. Dry heat
  2. Steam autoclave
  3. Ionizing radiation
  4. Ethylene oxide gas
  5. Filtration

 

  • What is the first process used when evaluating the integrity of a recombinant protein after each purification step?
  1. ELISA
  2. Quantitative PCR
  3. Peptide mapping
  4. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  5. Amino acid sequencing

 

  • Which of the following types of neurotransmitter receptors is most responsible for the

decreased risk of extrapyramidal side effects observed with some second generation antipsychotics relative to first generation antipsychotics?

  1. Serotonergic
  2. Histaminergic
  3. Muscarinic
  4. Noradrenergic
  5. Alpha-adrenergic

 

  • In tablets made from wet granulation processing, which of the following substances is commonly included as a lubricant?
  1. Lactose
  2. Potato starch
  3. Croscarmellose
  4. Dicalcium phosphate
  5. Sodium lauryl sulfate

 

  • Permeation enhancers increase drug absorption from buccal dosage forms by which of the following mechanisms?
  1. Decreasing drug solubility
  2. Extracting oral mucosal lipids
  3. Disrupting saliva secretion
  4. Increasing drug particle size
  5. Prolonging oral retention

 

  • Disintegration of a compressed tablet is primarily dependent upon which of the following properties of the tablet?
  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Hardness
  4. Coating
  5. Stability

 

PHARMACY PRACTICE – Clinical Sciences

 

  • At typical dosing, which of the following antidepressant medications is associated with the highest incidence of nausea?
  1. Sertraline
  2. Fluoxetine
  3. Duloxetine
  4. Escitalopram
  5. Desvenlafaxine

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of fluoroquinolones?
  1. Fluoroquinolones can cause blood glucose alterations in elderly patients who take oral antihyperglycemic
  2. Healthy women with acute uncomplicated cystitis should be treated for a minimum of 7 days with a fluoroquinolone.
  3. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended with prolonged fluoroquinolone therapy, to avoid ototoxicity.
  4. In the case of treatment failure, another fluoroquinolone should be tried before switching to a different antibiotic
  5. All fluoroquinolones have equal efficacy when used to treat patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

 

QUESTIONS 64 TO 65 INCLUSIVE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING:

SM is a 34 year old female who, while vacationing in Mexico, began prophylactic treatment for travellers’ diarrhea. Shortly thereafter she complained of a feeling of fullness in her ears, black stools and a black tongue. SM’s previous history includes an allergy to sulfonamides.

 

  • Which of the following drugs could be the cause of SM’s complaints?
  1. Bismuth subsalicylate
  2. Cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
  3. Doxycycline
  4. Amoxicillin
  5. Loperamide

 

  • An organism commonly implicated in the cause of travellers’ diarrhea is:
  1. Bacteroides fragilis.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Clostridium difficile.
  4. Listeria monocytogenes.
  5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 

 

************

 

  • Which of the following medications requires monitoring for the adverse effect of dyslipidemia?
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Allopurinol
  3. Isotretinoin
  4. Ramipril
  5. Raloxifene

 

  • The mother of a 6 year old child presents to the pharmacist with a written prescription for amoxicillin that was ordered by the physician three days earlier. She states that her child was diagnosed wit otitis media and the symptoms have remained the same over the past three Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacist response?
  1. Fill the prescription as written
  2. Refuse to fill the prescription as the antibiotic order is no longer current
  3. Indicate a need to contact the prescriber before filling the prescription at this time
  4. Fill the prescription for a quantity that is the ordered amount less three days’ supply
  5. Explain that, at this late date, antibiotic therapy will likely be ineffective for the child

 

  • RF is an 80 year old female who developed CDAD (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea) after recent treatment of a urinary tract infection with ciprofloxacin. She is admitted to hospital with profound diarrhea (eight watery bowel movements per day) and fever (39.5º C). Based on her symptoms, which of the following is the most appropriate therapy choice for her?
  1. Oral metronidazole
  2. Intravenous metronidazole
  3. Oral cholestyramine
  4. Oral vancomycin
  5. Intravenous vancomycin

 

  • CC, a 72 year old female, complains to the pharmacist that her stomach has been bothering her recently. Current medications include: levothyroxine 100 mcg po daily (x 30 years), acetaminophen 500 mg po qid (x 5 months), atorvastatin 40 mg po at bedtime (x 4 years), ibuprofen 400 mg po tid prn joint pain (x 2 months), and zopiclone 3.75 mg po at bedtime prn (x 3 months). Based on CC’s current symptoms, which of the following drug therapy problems best describes CC’s current situation?
  1. Too high a dosage of atorvastatin
  2. Too high a dosage of zopiclone
  3. Need for cytoprotection with ibuprofen
  4. Drug interaction between atorvastatin and zopiclone
  5. Too low a dosage of levothyroxine

 

  • A 27 year old patient presents to a community pharmacy for the first time and tells the pharmacist that he experienced an allergy to a penicillin product as a child. His symptoms included hives, wheezing and facial swelling, which resulted in hospitalized Which of the following is the most important reason for a community pharmacist to document this type of information in a patient’s medication profile record?
  1. To provide drug allergy information to the patient’s insurance
  2. To encourage the patient to fill future prescriptions at this
  3. To advertise relevant pharmacy products or services to appropriate
  4. To enhance continuity of patient care regardless of the
  5. To provide a record of cognitive services for insurance

 

 

QUESTIONS 71 TO 72 INCLUSIVE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING:

 

TK is a 63 year old male with chronic kidney disease (CrCl = 29 mL/min/1.73m2) and gout. He experienced his last gout attack about two months ago. Today his toe is extremely painful, hot, red, and swollen. At a walk-in clinic, he receives a prescription for naproxen 500 mg po bid for five days. TK’ s other current medication is pravastatin 20 mg po at bedtime.

 

  • What drug therapy problem should the pharmacist identify for TK?
  1. Naproxen is inferior to indomethacin for the treatment of acute
  2. The duration of naproxen treatment is too
  3. Naproxen should be avoided in patients taking
  4. Naproxen should be avoided in patients with renal
  5. The frequency of naproxen dosing is too

 

  • Following successful resolution of the acute episode, TK’s physician decides that he should initiate allopurinol. TK should be advised to:
  1. limit fluid
  2. take medication on an empty
  3. use precautions to avoid
  4. report any skin rash or itching to the
  5. avoid dairy products or multivitamins within 2 hours of

**********

 

  • All of the following have been implicated in causing toxic nephropathy, EXCEPT:

 

  • In the treatment of a patient who has a solid tumour, which of the following side effects typically occurs one to two weeks after chemotherapy?
  1. Neuropathy
  2. Cardiotoxicity
  3. Neutropenia
  4. Emesis
  5. Nephrotoxicity

 

  • Lactose intolerance is classified as a(n):
  1. enzyme
  2. mineral
  3. transporter
  4. vitamin

 

  • A community pharmacist conducts a medication review for a 67 year old patient who has a 20-year history of COPD, diabetes and The patient’s current medications include the following:

Aclidinium 400 mcg inhaler, one inhalation bid

Budesonide 200 mcg/formoterol 6 mcg Turbuhaler®, 2 inhalations bid Salbutamol 100 mcg MDI, 2 inhalations qid

Sitagliptin100 mg, one tablet po daily Metformin 500 mg, one tablet po tid

Venlafaxine ER 150 mg, one capsule po at bedtime

Which of the following drug therapy problems should be identified for this patient?

  1. Taking too high a dosage of aclidinium
  2. Taking too high a dosage of metformin
  3. Inappropriate dosing time for venlafaxine
  4. Drug interaction between sitagliptin and metformin
  5. Duplication of therapy with salbutamol and formoterol

 

  • Which of the following is characterized as an autoimmune disorder?
  1. Alzheimer disease
  2. Systemic lupus erythematosus
  3. Osteoarthritis
  4. Parkinson disease
  5. Paget disease

 

  • A pregnant female presents with a prescription for an antibiotic for treatment of a urinary tract infection. She tells the pharmacist that she doesn’t know why the doctor gave her the medication, because she isn’t experiencing any symptoms. Her presentation is consistent with which of the following diagnoses?
  1. Cystitis
  2. Septicemia
  3. Urinary retention
  4. Pyelonephritis
  5. Asymptomatic bacteriuria

 

  • A community pharmacist would like to begin a diabetic education program for local patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Beneficial information for this group includes all of the following EXCEPT:
  1. strategies to minimize cardiac risk
  2. the facts on diabetes and its
  3. the role of blood glucose
  4. appropriate dietary
  5. the technique for the mixing of

 

  • Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in an 8 year old child?
  1. Urea 20% cream
  2. Tacrolimus 0.03% cream
  3. Pimecrolimus 1% cream
  4. Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% ointment
  5. Clobetasone propionate 0.05% cream

 

  • Which of the following is a normal host defence that helps to prevent pneumonia?
  1. Low sputum pH
  2. Aspiration
  3. Thick, tenacious sputum
  4. Neutropenia
  5. Epiglottal closure

 

  • Tadalafil is preferred over sildenafil in which of the following patient situations?
  1. After using sublingual nitroglycerin
  2. After eating a high-fat meal
  3. If receiving hemodialysis
  4. If taking testosterone supplementation
  5. For males over the age of 60 years

 

  • Which of the following vitamins is found at reduced levels in cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers?
  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin B12
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin D
  5. Vitamin K

 

  • Which of the following is a reasonable goal of therapy for a patient with active inflammatory bowel disease?
  1. Prevent infection
  2. Prevent mortality
  3. Maintain quality of life
  4. Achieve endoscopic remission
  5. Limit the number of colectomies

 

  • BC is a 25 year old female with depression who has had an adequate trial with each of sertraline and escitalopram. She has tolerated the medications but has only achieved a partial response to escitalopram 20 mg po once Which of the following is the most appropriate next step for BC?
  1. Increase escitalopram to 40 mg po once daily
  2. Add diazepam 5 mg po once daily to escitalopram
  3. Add aripiprazole 2 mg po once daily to escitalopram
  4. Stop escitalopram and start fluoxetine 20 mg po once daily
  5. Stop escitalopram and start venlafaxine XR 150 mg po once daily

 

PHARMACY PRACTICE – Professional Practice Skills Questions

 

  • Which of the following is NOT a benefit of performing medication reconciliation activities in a hospital setting?
  1. Reduction of medication errors
  2. Reduction of inventory pilferage
  3. Reduction of preventable adverse effects
  4. Assessment of patient adherence to therapy
  5. Enhanced accuracy of patient allergy information

 

  • The web site of which of the following would be most appropriate to consult in order to determine whether there are any safety alerts associated with a prescription drug product?
  1. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  2. Health Canada
  3. Institute for Safe Medication Practices
  4. Canadian Patient Safety Institute
  5. Canadian Institute for Health Information

 

  • In dispensing, the Latin abbreviation for “before meals” is:

 

  • In dispensing, the English meaning for the Latin phrase “ex aqua” is:
  1. with or in
  2. extracellular
  3. exact
  4. soluble in
  5. out of

 

  • Aerosol OT (AOT) is used in veterinary medicine as a laxative. If 250 g of AOT is dissolved in 1 000 mL of glycerin (density of glycerin is 1.25 g/mL), the concentration of AOT in the solution is:
  1. 12.5% w/w.
  2. 16.7% w/w.
  3. 20% w/w.
  4. 23.8% w/w.
  5. 25% w/w.

 

  • Appropriate quality control procedures to ensure product and patient safety in the pharmacy do NOT include which of the following?
  1. Adhering to guidelines for cold chain management
  2. Maintaining a regular cleaning schedule for dispensary surfaces
  3. Cleaning counting trays and automated counting machines regularly
  4. Using TALLman lettering on all prescription labels
  5. Regulating the pharmacy’s indoor climate where medications are stored

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct regarding the MedlinePlus web site for drug information? The service:
  1. provides a compilation of clinical practice guidelines for health care
  2. provides systematic reviews that are based solely on evidence from primary
  3. has an emphasis on providing patient/consumer information on a wide variety of health
  4. is limited by its availability only through paid subscription by health care
  5. is limited by a lag to publication and updating of patient therapy-related

 

  • The pharmacist fills a prescription for sumatriptan 100 mg tablets for a migraine Appropriate information to provide to the patient includes which of the following?
  1. If the sumatriptan does not relieve the headache within four hours, ergotamine may be
  2. If no relief is achieved in two hours, sumatriptan may be
  3. If the headache is relieved but another headache occurs eight hours later, sumatriptan may be used for the second
  4. The maximum dosage in any 24-hour period is six
  5. If relief is not achieved, no other medication can be used for 24

 

  • Which of the following medications requires an auxiliary label regarding avoiding the consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice?
  1. Felodipine
  2. Amlodipine
  3. Levetiracetam
  4. Divalproex
  5. Gabapentin

 

  • The recommended pediatric dosage for azithromycin therapy is 12 mg/kg po once daily on Days 1 through 5. For a child weighing 8.3 kg, calculate the total volume needed for the total course of treatment, if a product supplying 200 mg/5 mL is supplied for this
  1. 5 mL
  2. 15 mL
  3. 25 mL
  4. 5 mL
  5. 50 mL

 

  • A pharmacist is making a presentation on medication adherence to a group of clients. Which of the following would be the most appropriate indicator of the effectiveness of the presentation for these clients?
  1. Increase in fill quantity for each prescription refill
  2. Reduced number of prescriptions filled per month
  3. Increase in number of nonprescription medications used
  4. Reduced number of prescription refill dates per month
  5. Prescription refill dates closer to expected fill intervals

 

  • Rx Timolol 0.25 % drops Mitte : 15 mL

Sig: gtt. i o.d. bid

On the prescription label the instructions to the patient should read:

  1. apply one drop into both eyes twice
  2. instil one drop into the left eye twice
  3. instil one drop into the right eye twice
  4. shake well and instil one drop into the left eye twice
  5. shake well and instil one drop into the right ear twice

 

 

  • According to ISMP guidelines, which of the following medication orders contains a dangerous abbreviation or dosing designation?
  1. Insulin NPH 10 units subcut at bedtime
  2. Oxycodone CR 40 mg po q12h
  3. Gliclazide 80 mg po bid
  4. MTX 7.5 mg po weekly
  5. Levothyroxine 88 mcg po daily

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct regarding Tylenol Elixir With Codeine® (each 5 ml contains acetaminophen 160 mg and codeine 8 mg)?
  1. It requires a written order from an authorized
  2. It is an example of a legally exempted codeine
  3. Sale for self-medication use must involve a
  4. It is regulated under the Benzodiazepines and Other Targeted Substances
  5. Authorized prescribers include

 

  • A physician wants to switch a terminally-ill patient from slow release morphine sulfate tablets, 15 mg tablets. If a morphine sulfate solution containing 5 mg per mL is prescribed q4h, what volume should be dispensed for a 20 day supply to provide the same pain relief as the tablet regimen?
  1. 20 mL
  2. 60 mL
  3. 80 mL
  4. 100 mL
  5. 120 mL

 

  • A biological safety cabinet is required when preparing a parenteral formulation of:
  1. magnesium

 

  • Which of the following drug orders is incomplete and requires follow-up with the prescriber?
  1. Zithromax Z-Pak® (azithromycin 250 mg), 2 tabs po on day 1 and 1 tab po on days 2-5.
  2. Flonase® (fluticasone) 100 mcg spray, 1 or 2 sprays in each nostril bid x 1 bottle
  3. Actonel® (risedronate), 35 mg po once weekly x 12 tabs
  4. Cozaar® (losartan), 50 mg po bid x 1 month
  5. Zocor® (simvastatin), 1 tab po hs for 3 months

 

  • JN, a 17 year old male with a highly resistant form of testicular cancer, is in hospital for treatment. He is an intelligent, articulate young His parents are insisting that the physician treat him with the latest experimental therapy, but JN does not want to undergo the treatment. If the physician goes ahead and gives the experimental therapy what ethical principle will have been violated the most?
  1. Confidentiality
  2. Nonmaleficence
  3. Justice
  4. Veracity
  5. Autonomy

 

 

  • Which of the following statements is correct regarding hypothesis testing?
  1. A type I error frequently occurs when sample sizes are
  2. A type II error is more serious than a type I
  3. Small p-values suggest that the null hypothesis is likely to be
  4. The larger the p-value, the more likely the null hypothesis is
  5. P-value is the probability of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis if it is in fact

 

 

  • An adequately powered, randomized controlled trial conducted over two years demonstrated that the primary outcome (a serious cardiovascular event) occurred in 15% of the patients who received the new drug, whereas the primary outcome occurred in 25% of the patients who received a placebo. The relative risk reduction achieved with the new drug is:
  1. 10%.
  2. 15%.
  3. 25%.
  4. 40%.
  5. 50%.

 

  • In an adequately powered, randomized controlled trial conducted over three years, a specific serious side effect (i.e., reduction in leukocytes) with conventional therapy is seen in 0.5% of the study sample. In patients who receive a newly discovered drug, only 0.45% experience the same side effect. Based on these results, the minimum number of patients that would have to receive the new drug for three years to statistically demonstrate the prevention of one episode of this side effect in at least one patient is:
  1. 15.
  2. 20.
  3. 150.
  4. 200.
  5. 2000.

 

  • In a study comparing two drug treatment regimens, a type II error occurs when:
  1. the statistical conclusion is that there is a difference between the two treatment regimens when a difference does not actually
  2. the statistical conclusion is that there is no difference between the two treatment regimens when a difference actually does
  3. the p level is > 05.
  4. the drug treatments studied are not appropriate comparators for the
  5. the exclusion criteria are too

 

  • A pharmacist has received information regarding a new drug to treat hypertension. The information is based on a two-month, placebo controlled, randomized study of 1000 adults that showed a statistically significant average decrease in systolic pressure from 160 mm Hg to 141 mm Hg and in diastolic pressure from 98 mm Hg to 86 mm Hg. The most common adverse reactions were stomach upset and dizziness. Which of the following is the most significant limitation of this study?
  1. The study size was too small to assess
  2. The patients did not achieve guideline targets for
  3. Blood pressure is a surrogate
  4. Long term safety and efficacy were not
  5. Placebo is not an appropriate

 

  • Part G of Canada’s Food and Drug Regulations deals with which of the following?
  1. Vitamins and minerals
  2. Pharmaceuticals
  3. Controlled Drugs
  4. Benzodiazepines and Targeted Substances
  5. Narcotic Preparations

 

  • Which of the following is a significant barrier perceived by physicians, that impedes effective pharmacist-physician collaboration in the provision of patient care?
  1. Provision of patient-specific counselling by pharmacists
  2. Lack of adequate education and training of pharmacists
  3. Lack of pharmacist follow up in assessing patient outcomes
  4. Increased patient demands for more frequent medical appointments
  5. Interruption of physician workflow due to pharmacist communications

 

  • Which of the following statements regarding a disruption in the cold chain for vaccines is correct?
  1. Vaccines exposed to temperatures above the recommended range can have an increase in potency and should not be administered to any
  2. Vaccines exposed to temperatures below the recommended range should be labelled “do not use” and kept at room temperature until their integrity is
  3. Inactivated vaccines are more likely than live attenuated vaccines to have a shortened half-life when exposed to high temperatures (up to 37º C).
  4. Diluents of vaccines that have been frozen can be used as they do not contain any active ingredients.
  5. Vaccines containing an aluminum adjuvant experience a permanent loss of potency when subjected to

 

 

Questions from BEHAVIOURAL, SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY SCIENCES

 

 

  • In deciding what drugs are appropriate for its formulary, the hospital must consider a drug’s efficacy, associated workload, and acquisition Several new antifungal IV drugs (drug A, drug B, drug C, and drug D), all with equal efficacy, have recently become available. Currently the hospital stocks drug E, which has been available for several years. Data for the medications is as follows:

 

Drug Cost/Day Dosing Frequency Treatment Duration (days)
A $2.50 qid 14
B $2.25 once daily 14
C $5.00 bid 7
D $2.25 bid 7
E $2.25 qid 7

The most appropriate choice for the hospital is:

  1. Drug
  2. Drug
  3. Drug
  4. Drug
  5. Drug

 

  • Which financial statement could be used to determine the total value of prescription drug sales for a pharmacy during the course of a year?
  1. Balance sheet
  2. Statement of investments
  3. Statement of changes in financial position
  4. Income statement
  5. Statement of equity

 

  • The standard of universal access to government insured health care in Canada is mandated by:
  1. the Canada Health
  2. individual provinces and
  3. Health Canada’s Health Environment and Consumer Safety
  4. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  5. Public Health Agency of

 

  • Which of the following responsibilities can be appropriately delegated to a non-pharmacist manager of a community pharmacy?
  1. Purchasing narcotic drugs
  2. Selecting clinical decision software for the dispensary computer
  3. Coordinating staff scheduling
  4. Supervising pharmacy technicians
  5. Determining workflow for the pharmacy’s professional services

 

  • Academic detailing by pharmacists provides a service to physicians by:
  1. educating on improved prescription
  2. advising on optimal patient interviewing
  3. recommending strategies to avoid medication
  4. providing current information on best prescribing
  5. promoting the use of physician samples given to

 

  • A role of The National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities is to:
  1. audit the financial performance of provincial pharmacy licensing
  2. promote harmonization of pharmacy practice standards across
  3. establish a unified lobby voice for pharmacists from all types of practice
  4. provide mechanisms for the public to file complaints about pharmacy care
  5. accredit the pharmacy programs at Canadian universities

 

  • The term ‘perspective’ in the context of a pharmacoeconomic study refers to the:
  1. source of funding for conducting the pharmacoeconomic
  2. approach the researcher takes to analyze the research
  3. approach the researcher uses to limit confounding
  4. stakeholder whose interest is most represented in the study’s
  5. method used to facilitate communication of the study results in a journal

 

  • Which of the following would be the most effective method to prevent “inventory shrinkage” due to internal theft within a pharmacy?
  1. Assigning the responsibility of ordering and receiving of inventory to one
  2. Implementing an employee bag check program at the end of
  3. Hiring a uniformed security guard to monitor the pharmacy
  4. Offering incentives such as employee discounts on
  5. Installing mirrors and security cameras strategically throughout the

 

  • In the context of a pharmacy business, which of the following groups represent a market niche, rather than a market segment?
  1. Women
  2. The elderly population
  3. Children with asthma
  4. High-income earners
  5. Parents of young children

 

  • An identical screening test for a disease is used in two Communities (A and B), but the proportion of false positive results among those who test positive in Community A is lower than those who test positive in Community B. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
  1. The specificity of the test is lower in Community
  2. The specificity of the test is higher in Community
  3. The prevalence of disease is lower in Community
  4. The prevalence of disease is higher in Community
  5. It is not possible to explain the difference between Community A and

 

  • “Medically necessary” services are established in Canada by the:
  1. provincial
  2. provincial drug
  3. Canadian Medical
  4. federal
  5. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of

 

  • Including a cost assessment in the protocol for a randomized, controlled clinical trial is called a:
  1. cost-benefit
  2. cost-minimization
  3. cost-effectiveness
  4. cost-efficacy analysis.
  5. cost-utility

 

  • The best study design to assess intermittent or transient drug exposures is a:
  1. case-control
  2. retrospective cohort
  3. randomized control
  4. case-crossover
  5. cross-sectional

 

  • Customer loyalty should be important to a pharmacy manager because it:
  1. reduces the amount of time that pharmacists must spend with
  2. generates a stream of high revenue from an identifiable customer
  3. helps the pharmacy staff to greet customers by their first
  4. protects the pharmacy manager from liability claims arising from dispensing
  5. is costly to attract new

There are few missing parts. Pls Download the PDF of Canada Registered Pharmacist Exam Question Paper

Canada Pharmacist Exam Question and Answers

Answers to above Questions

 

1. (d) 26. (d) 51. (c) 76. (e) 101. (b)
2. (c) 27. (c) 52. (e) 77. (b) 102. (e)
3. (a) 28. (c) 53. (c) 78. (e) 103. (e)
4. (a) 29. (d) 54. (e) 79. (e) 104. (e)
5. (e) 30. (b) 55. (c) 80. (b) 105. (d)
6. (b) 31. (b) 56. (d) 81. (e) 106. (e)
7. (a) 32. (c) 57. (d) 82. (b) 107. (b)
8. (d) 33. (a) 58. (c) 83. (c) 108. (d)
9. (a) 34. (c) 59. (e) 84. (d) 109. (c)
10. (a) 35. (a) 60. (b) 85. (c) 110. (e)
11. (c) 36. (d) 61. (c) 86. (b) 111. (e)
12. (a) 37. (e) 62. (a) 87. (b) 112. (d)
13. (c) 38. (c) 63. (a) 88. (a) 113. (d)
14. (a) 39. (a) 64. (a) 89. (a) 114. (a)
15. (c) 40. (a) 65. (b) 90. (b) 115. (c)
16. (d) 41. (a) 66. (c) 91. (d) 116. (d)
17. (d) 42. (c) 67. (a) 92. (c) 117. (b)
18. (a) 43. (c) 68. (d) 93. (c) 118. (d)
19. (a) 44. (c) 69. (c) 94. (a) 119. (b)
20. (b) 45. (b) 70. (d) 95. (a) 120. (c)
21. (b) 46. (b) 71. (d) 96. (e) 121. (d)
22. (a) 47. (d) 72. (d) 97. (c) 122. (a)
23. (c) 48. (d) 73. (e) 98. (d) 123. (d)
24. (d) 49. (c) 74. (c) 99. (a) 124. (d)
25. (e) 50. (a) 75. (b) 100.(e) 125. (e)

 

How to become Pharmacist in Canada from India – Registered Pharmacist Clinical Pharmacy Technician

How to become Pharmacist in Canada from India

The Question answered in this article is How to become Pharmacist in Canada from India
Is this really possible?? I will give you the answer right away without bragging. You cannot be a registered pharmacist or a clinical Pharmacist or Pharmacy technician of Canada while you’re in your country like INDIA. But it is really happy to know that you can start the process of becoming a pharmacist in CANADA from India. Although, to finish this process you have to be actually a resident of the CANADA.

To know about how to become a registered pharmacist in Canada you need to first know about PEBC. Wonder what is PEBC? PEBC is an organization assessing the qualifications and competence of candidates for licensing by pharmacy provincial regulatory authorities in CANADA. To be crisp Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) is the national certification body for the pharmacy profession in Canada. The PEBC Board evaluates qualifications, develops and administers examinations including a national Qualifying Examination, and issues Certificates of Qualification. how to become a clinical pharmacist in Canada from India
All you need to know is that there’s no connection between taking the exam and having a PR or express entry or anything about immigration, yet, you will need some sort of visa to be able to enter Canada to take the exams, as long as you can enter and be present for the exam at the time, that all that matters for the PEBC

How to become a Registered Pharmacist in Canada for International students/ Immigration

The PEBC Certificate of Qualification for pharmacy technicians is an entry-to-practice licensing requirement in all provinces that have regulated pharmacy technicians. he PEBC Certificate of Qualification for pharmacists is a licensing requirement for entry-to-practice applicants (whether trained in Canada or elsewhere) in all provinces, except Quebec.

How to be Canadian Registered Pharmacist?
If you are from India or any other country, you need to take PEBC Qualifying Examination to become Pharmacist or Pharmacy technician in Canada. The Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) invites qualified pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to consider participating in the PEBC Qualifying Examination. The PEBC OSCE and OSPE consists of a series of clinical stations designed to assess communication and interpersonal skills and clinical or technical problem solving.
The PEBCQE-Part II for pharmacists is known as an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) and the PEBCQE-Part II for pharmacy technicians is known as an OSPE (Objective Structured Performance Examination). The exams are held in major Canadian cities, you can find a list on the website.

How to know more information on PEBC Qualifying Examination

Log on to https://pebc.ca/ to know more. The PEBC office hours are Monday to Friday, 9:00 am to 4:00 pm Eastern Time, for receiving telephone calls and written correspondence by regular mail, email and fax. PEBC is not available for in-person candidate visits. Application forms may not be delivered in person, to the PEBC office. Note that the office is closed for lunch between 12:00 noon and 1:00 pm Eastern Time and no telephone calls are received during the lunch break.

Note:

Pandemic period allowed the Part 1 of the exam to be conducted online.  PEBC’s multiple-choice computer-based testing (CBT) examinations: the Pharmacist Evaluating Examination and Pharmacist/Pharmacy Technician Qualifying Examination – Part I (MCQ).egardless of where they live in Canada or internationally, candidates have the option to take PEBC’s upcoming exams either on-site at a Prometric test centre or by using Prometric’s ProProctor Remote Proctoring Platform. Please check out the official site for more information.

Top Canada Pharmacy Universities-REVIEWS How to Select?

10 best Canada universities

Are you planning to study pharmacy in Canada this article gives you whole idea all about the top colleges and top Canadian universities which provides pharmacy education. This article will surely help you to choose a University if you are considering Canada as an option for your higher studies. There are almost 10 universities which provide best education in pharmacy. Really want to do your under graduation or project post graduation you need to consider few points before you select your University.

  1. Let us discuss now things you need to to keep in your mind before actually trying to decide on a University.
    1. Which course you want to take is it undergraduate Bachelor of Pharmacy or doctorate of Pharmacy course or you want to complete your masters or a post graduate diploma in pharmacy subjects.
  2. 2. You need to have a complete Idea on all the courses of Canadian universities where a Pharmacy bachelor can apply.
  3. 3. After selecting your course you need to to search the best college which is providing your appropriate subject of interest. Almost all universities have a good standard but you need to specifically look for your subject of your concern.
  4. 4. You need to have an idea on what is your future idea of pursuing masters for graduation in Canada. Each would have a different perspective of going for higher studies in abroad. Some might think an exposure of of the subject or some other might think to settle as a permanent residence or some might think to just work for few years and return to India.
  5. 5. Do you decide what you wanna do after your completion of the course? This will help you to decide the place you want to study at the university because if you want to settle as an permanent resident need to go for a place where the province itself helps the international students to apply for the permanent residents easily.
  6. 6. The most important thing you need to consider before selecting a university or a province is that the availability of part time if you really need to pay your fees by yourself. The fee structure is really very high for the international students and everyone might need to have a part time pay off fees. So it is best to touch a place which I have an ample part-time jobs where students can do along with their studies.
  7. 7. You need to consider is the cost of living of that particular place if you don’t have any problem with finances then you don’t really need to think about this but to choose a good University. When you really have some issues with your finances you might be smart to select a good University in a good place with minimum expenses for your month.

Top 7 Canada Pharmacy Universities

University of Toronto
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
144 College Street
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2
Tel: 416 978-2889
Fax: 416 978-8511
URL: www.pharmacy.utoronto.ca

University of British Columbia
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2146 East Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
Tel: 604 822-2343
Fax: 604 822-3035
URL: www.pharmacy.ubc.ca

Memorial University of Newfoundland
School of Pharmacy
Health Sciences Centre
St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3V6
Tel: 709 777-8300
Fax: 709 777-7044
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.mun.ca/pharmacy

Université de Montréal
Faculté de pharmacie
C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville
Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7
Tel: 514 343-6422
Fax: 514 343-2102
URL: www.pharm.umontreal.ca
Université Laval
Faculté de pharmacie
Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry
Québec, Québec G1V 0A6
Tel: 418 656-3211
Fax: 418 656-2305
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.pha.ulaval.ca

University of Alberta
Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
2-55 Medical Sciences Building
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1
Tel: 780 492-3362
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.pharm.ualberta.ca

University of Manitoba
Faculty of Pharmacy
Apotex Centre
750 McDermot Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5
Tel: 204 474-9306
Fax: 204 474-7617
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/pharmacy/index.html

University of Saskatchewan
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
110 Science Place
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9
Tel: 306 966-6327
Fax: 306 966-6377
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.usask.ca/pharmacy-nutrition

University of Waterloo
School of Pharmacy
200 University Avenue West
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1
Tel: (519) 888-4499
Fax: (519) 888-7910
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.pharmacy.uwaterloo.ca

Dalhousie University
College of Pharmacy
5968 College Street, PO Box 15000
Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2
Tel: 902 494-2378
Fax: 902 494-1396
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.pharmacy.dal.ca

University of Saskatchewan

This is good old college rest with good reputation. Here you can get program where you can study your masters. Importance of this university is the province you are in. Province provides you points even after your Canadian studies to if you let to settle down there as permanent resident. Cities in this province are really affordable and economical for all the international students. The housing and the cost of living is really low when per to the provinces of Canada.

Université de Montréal

This is also a good option for international students especially from India with good reputation. Here you can get program where you can study your masters. Importance of this university is the province you are in. you need to know about the province before you land. this is land of French. you will be at a good place if you have a knowledge of French language before you take up your studies.  Part time jobs become a piece of cake if you know the French language. Cities in this province are really affordable and economical for all the international students. The housing and the cost of living is really low when per to the provinces of Canada.

Pharmacy Technician Schools – Pharmacy Tech School

Pharmacy Technician Schools

Do you know Why to go to Pharmacy Technician Schools? Like the rest of the health care industry, the market for pharmacy technicians is expected to increase substantially in coming years. Employment of pharmacy technicians is projected to grow 9 percent from 2014 to 2024. The population is aging, and older people typically use more prescription medicines than younger people. Higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes among all age groups also will lead to increased demand for prescription medications. Advances in pharmaceutical research will allow for more prescription medications to be used to fight diseases.

You need to prepare yourself for a career in this growing field through Pharmacy Technician Schools. Its Pharmacy Technician career training program is offered at different universities and schools across the country. Most diploma programs are designed to be completed in less than a year.

HOW TO BECOME A PHARMACY TECHNICIAN:

You need to get into get into one of the best Pharmacy Technician Schools to get both the education and practical hands-on training to function as a competent entry-level pharmacy technician to licensed pharmacists in a variety of health care settings.

Pharmacy technicians once traditionally learned on the job, but stricter employer standards and NHA certification requirements have given rise to more formal training programs.

How Long Does It Take To Become A Pharmacy Technician?

Two years or Four years.

Coursework covers technical and practical training in the following areas:

  1. Pharmacy law
  2. Pharmacology
  3. Pharmacy ethics
  4. Anatomy
  5. Healthcare systems
  6. PhysiologyMedical terminology
  7. Pharmaceutical calculations

How Long Is Pharmacy Tech School?

Certificate and associate degree programs are common, but because no states and certification organizations currently require pharmacy techs to earn bachelor’s degrees, baccalaureate programs at 4-year universities are tailored more with the future pharmacist in mind. Postsecondary certificates in pharmacy technology are the most prevalent training path pharmacy technician schools offer, reports the BLS. These targeted, entry-level programs require less than one year of study and establish basic knowledge and skills with minimal general education coursework. Associate degrees, by contrast, require up to two years of study and include a balance of core and general education coursework, especially in science and math. Most pharmacy technician schools offer Associate of Applied Science, or AAS, degrees in pharmacy technology.

WHY TO BECOME A PHARMACY TECHNICIAN:

There are great reasons for growth of PHARMACY TECHNICIAN profession. The reasons are.
The population is aging, and older people tend to use more prescription medications than younger people.
Higher rates of chronic disease like diabetes among all age groups will lead to an increased demand for prescription medications.
Advances in pharmaceutical research means more prescription medications will be used to fight diseases.

 Pharmacy Technician Schools

What does a Pharmacy Technician do?

Pharmacies are run by licensed pharmacists who’ve undergone many years of education and training. But pharmacy assistants often do much of the routine day-to-day work of operating a pharmacy. Also known as pharmacy technicians or pharm techs, pharmacy assistants perform many of the tasks associated with pharmacy operations. Typical responsibilities include:

  1. Taking incoming prescription orders
  2. Filling prescriptions
  3. Instructing customers on the proper use of their prescription medications
  4. Processing payments and insurance claims
  5. Filling out regulatory paperwork
  6. Read, verify and manage patient prescription requests.
  7. Properly dose and fill prescription orders .
  8. Use and maintain laboratory equipment and tools.
  9. Store prescription and over-the-counter medications properly.
  10. Track inventories Maintain a safe, sanitary environment.
  11. Find, review and relay drug safety information, including potential interactions.
  12. Keep records in accordance with patients’ privacy rights.
  13. Communicate with pharmacists, insurance companies, patients and healthcare providers.
  14. Bill and collect payment for prescription orders

Pharmacy Technician Schools – Pharmacy Tech School

Pharmacy Technician Schools List:

  1. Central Arizona College
  2. Florida State College
  3. Gulf Coast State College
  4. Robert Morris University Illinois
  5. University of Alaska at Anchorage
  6. Vincennes University

Pharmacy Technician Salaries:

Demand for pharmacy technicians is expected to remain high for the next decade, making this career path potentially rewarding for those who wish to work in a pharmacy.
Median Salary:$29,320
Median Hourly: $14.10

List of Universities in Canada and their Websites

List of Pharmacy Schools in Canada and their Websites

  1. University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia

  2. University of Manitoba, Faculty of Pharmacy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA

  3. University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Ontario

  4. Toronto Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Toronto

  5. University of Montreal, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montreal, Quebec

  6. Laval University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Quebec, Quebec

  7. Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Pharmacy, St John’s, Newfoundland

  8. Dalhousie University College of Pharmacy, Halifax, Nova Scotia

  9. University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

  10. University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1

  11. Vancouver Pharmacy Institute, 8-1180 Cecile Drive, Port Moody/Vancouver, British Columbia V3H 1N1

    University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta.

Education System in Canada

Canadian Education System

Education in Canada is under the complete jurisdiction of the provinces and territories (States) and as such, there is no Federal(Central) education system in Canada. In keeping with the national commitment to education, public education in Canada is free up to and including secondary school (12th Std), in all the provinces. At the post-secondary level, institutions are divided into community colleges and universities. A significant number of university graduates attend college upon completion of their degree in order to acquire vocational skills for employment.

Types of Certification

  • Certificate : Is a qualification awarded upon successful completion of a programme which is usually one year in length.

  • Diploma : Is a qualification awarded on the basis of one or two year’s of successful study.

  • Advanced Diploma : Is a 3 years program some of which may lead to a Bachelors Degree.

  • Bachelors Degrees : Are awarded by Universities/ University Colleges/ Community Colleges after four years of full-time study and lead to graduate level studies.

  • Post Graduate Diplomas / Certificates : It lead to a Masters Degree. These programs have work terms which provide full-time opportunities to gain practical experience along with theoretical studies. A typical co-op term lasts 12 to 17 weeks. The prerequisites to participate in these programs is a Bachelors Degree of 3 or 4 years duration.

  • Masters Degree : Is an option for Bachelors Degree. Graduates who have an interest in further learning and research, and for those who want to broaden their career possibilities. It is for 2 yrs duration and can be pursued after a 4 yrs Bachelors or a 3yrs Bachelors & a 1year Post Graduate Diploma from Canada.

  • Doctorate or PhD : Is a degree ranking above the Masters Degree and generally requires four to seven years to complete

Co-operative Work Term

Co-op is a work term provided as part and parcel of the course curriculum. It provides an excellent opportunity to students to gain first hand practical experience related to the field of specialization. Students can gain on-the-job experience while continuing to study . Co-op provides full time opportunities that last for 12 to 17 weeks.

Co-Operative work programmes, combine courses in many subjects with relevant work, giving students an invaluable head start with their careers. This assists International students in connecting with the Canadian job market and developing a network with the Canadian companies.

Institutions

The degrees & diplomas from Canadian Institutions are among the most widely recognized in the world. The education system in Canada encompasses of both public funded & private institutions. Students have a diverse choice of 92 Universities & 175 Community Colleges offering a wide array of programmes. While pursuing their studies, the students, are allowed to work for the first 6 months on-campus and thereafter off-campus. Student can earn more from vocational & Technology courses than normal degrees.

Post secondary education is offered by four types of educational institutions:

  • Technical/ Career Colleges : These are privately owned and operated with the main objective of preparing students for the job market after a short period of instruction. The emphasis at career colleges is on practical skills over a broad range of programmes.

  • Community Colleges & Technical Institutes : They typically have more career oriented, practical/ technical related curricula, with small classes, off-campus course offerings, a greater ratio of laboratory space to class room space, and an interactive teaching style.

  • University Colleges : As a component of the Canadian University system, University Colleges offer students a choice of either academic oriented university degree programmes or the more practical-oriented college diplomas and certificates.

  • Universities : Canadian Universities are largely public funded and as a result, offer consistently high quality education at lower tuition rates for International students than their counterparts in competing countries. They offer a broad range of courses and degrees from Undergraduate to Doctorate and also certificate and professional degrees. Class sizes in universities are generally large.

Grade Point Average (GPA)

The average grade achieved by a student during the course of an educational program, is calculated on various scales depending on the Institution. (eg : Generally the student may be evaluated an a 4-point scale or a 9 point scale).

Intake

International students are expected to start planning for their studies in Canada 1 year in advance. The major intake for Canada primarily is ‘Fall’ i.e September. The other intake is in the month of ‘Winter’ i.e. January, but it depends on the students program and the institution that he/she is applying to. Very few institutes might have the May intake as well.

English Language Requirement

All students must be fluent in English if they are applying to Canadian Institutes. International students need to reach the required level of English language competence. All students should take up the IELTS or TOEFL(ibt)exams. An IELTS band of 6.0/6.5 for Undergraduate & 6.5/7 for Postgraduate courses or a TOEFL score of 80 and above for Undergraduate and 90 and above for Post Graduate courses is desirable.

Eligibility

Why Study in Canada?

Canada plays host to more than 180,000 International students in any given year. Increasingly, Canada is becoming the country of choice for students from all parts of the world.

Quality Education

Canada spends more per capita on its education system than any other country in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). A Degree/Diploma from a Canadian Institute is recognized world wide. International students who graduate from Canadian Institutions enjoy successful and prosperous careers. Canada is known for its quality education & competitive entry requirements.

Inexpensive

Canadian Institutes, charge lower tuition fees for international students than their counterparts in competing countries and at the same time, maintain excellent educational quality. However as the fees are more affordable, admissions are more competitive. Over the last three years, Canada’s inflation rate has remained one of the lowest in the industrialized world.

Permanent Residency and Canadian Immigration

International students can apply for their Permanent Residency which takes up to 15 to 18 months from within Canada. However they need to meet the minimum eligibility criteria of 67 Points.

Ranked as the Number one Country

For the past 9 consecutive years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live. The survey conducted every year, evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earns particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy and low crime rates.

A safe place to study

Every step is taken to ensure the safety of students on Canada’s campuses. Most universities / colleges have their own campus security 24 hours a day. There are also ” Walk Safe” programmes to assist people in getting to public transportation during late hours.

A bilingual nation

Canada is a bilingual country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75%) of Canada’s French-speaking inhabitants live in the province of Quebec, which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout the country. English is the main language of communication in all provinces other than Quebec.

Work during and after and co-op programe

Students in Canada are allowed to work part time on campus during the first 6 months of their program and off campus part time thereafter. The duration permited is upto 20 hours per week. Several programs may even have a paid co-op term where one gets hands on experience in working in the industry. These may even be paid co-ops. Further students on the completion of their program can work upto 3 years depending on the length of their study program.

Immigration

Canada welcomes over 2 lac immigrants per year & has a policy for skilled professionals as well as Business Immigrants. Canada has maintained a strong stable economic growth because of its active immigration policy. Two thirds of the 5.4%pa increase in population is due to immigration.

Canadian Immigration is one of the simplest immigration systems in comparison with other countries. It allows a person to live and work anywhere in Canada, and confers upon that person a Permanent Resident status. It comes with certain responsibilities and may be revoked if the holder does not meet Canadian Residency obligations, or is found guilty of serious criminal activity. A person who is a Canadian Permanent Resident may apply for Canadian Citizenship after 3 years.