How to create a successful thesis/ project/ assignment – Zotero, Google Scholar, Word

Zotero Word and Scholar

Writing a thesis is a nightmare for most of us. Sometimes the task is more daunting than even the actual research work. One is always worried about the mistakes that may creep. Managing of literature and the task of adding references, page no, Table no. , generating index of figures and tables and a plethora of things which seem unmanageable by a single person. However using the tools of the modern day we can make our task a lot simpler.

So for any Researcher the following tools are indispensable:

  1. Google Scholar: Google Scholar is Google for scientific articles. Everyone knows the power of Google as it comes to web searching and trust me Google Scholar is as powerful. It offers a major boost to the way we search. This is quite useful when we want to write a literature review which needs gathering of lot of articles and Google Scholars helps us both in Quantity and Quality of the research articles we get.

    (P.S. Through Google Scholar if you are lucky enough you can get PAID articles for FREE!!!)

    Read more about Google Scholar here

     

  2. Zotero: Zotero is a free citation/ reference manager. What it does? It makes an electronic list of all the articles we search and save. Also it enables to make note for every article. But wait that is not what we use Zotero for. Zotero is used to manage references. It helps us to use these references in our articles and also generate the references section (Bibliography at the end). All this is done without the need of numbering the articles or worrying about formatting each and every individual reference. What if you have formatted references in a particular way and your mentor/guide says “Hey the Author names should be italicized not bold“. With Zotero it’s just a matter of few minutes.

    (P.S. I had formatted about 200 references in less than 30 minutes using Zotero + Google Scholar)

  3. Microsoft Word: Though people might wonder what is so special about Word, there are many features you could use to make article/thesis writing a breeze. The most useful being auto generating of List of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Figures. It saves us the effort of remembering numbers of tables/figures so that when phrases such as “as evident from TABLE??” crop up word automatically fills it. And most importantly the advanced formatting offers us with a good lot of control over the look and feel of the thesis.

    Suppose you wonder “what if my font size for all headings was increased a bit and they were underlined would it be nice?”. With Word it’s a matter of seconds.

More articles on how to use these resources are coming up. So keep watching our website or subscribe to our Facebook page…

How to search for research articles | Google Scholar way

google scholar

Google has redefined the way we use the internet. It has also simplified the way we search for scientific articles and journals. Thanks to “Google Scholar”. Below we try to answer some of the basic questions you may have about using Google Scholar

Q.1) What is Google Scholar?

Google Scholar is Google’s search engine exclusively for Students and Research people who search for scientific journals and articles

google scholar

Q.2) Why should i use Google Scholar?

Unlike most other databases (Sciencedirect, Elsevier) which confine themselves to a selected journals, Scholar searches across all the databases and journals. If a article was published it should be on Google Scholar.

Q.3) Is it free?

Yes like all other products of Google, this is a free service Click here Google Scholar

Q.4) Can i download paid articles from Google Scholar?

As earlier said Google is just a search engine. Your ability to download article depends on the subscription you / your college has. Most Universities have integrated Google Scholar and you can directly search and download articles directly from the college website.

Q.5) What about the free articles?

Free/ opensource articles / articles without copyright restrictions can be directly downloaded through Google Scholar.

Q.6) How will this really benefit me?

Google scholar uses the same technology as Google search. So the advantages

  • You need not remember the EXACT name of the author/ article. Spelling mistakes are allowed and Google corrects you 🙂
  • Searching for articles is a breeze. (Trust me i have used ScienceDirect , Pubmed, Springer and what not). It is the fastest method.
  • You can save your searches

Q.7) Does Google Scholar work with EndNote?

Google Scholar works seamlessly with almost all the citation managers including  Zotero , Mendeley, EndNote, Refman etc etc etc. And you can directly import citations into these reference managers/ citation managers.

Excited? Give Google scholar a try at scholar.google.com

You will never want to Go back …

More articles coming up:

1. What is Zotero and how should i use it?

2. Using Zotero and Google Scholar together.

3. How to gather resources for a research article using Zotero?

4. How to format references for my thesis/ article?

 

 

More Information about Google Scholar can be found at these resources

1. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/articles/google-scholar/

Krokodil – The “Zombie Drug”

krokodil

If you have seen the hindi movie “Go Goa Gone”, you will find this news interesting.  A drug that literally eats a person inside out and makes him look like a zombie has made its way to the markets in the United States. This flesh eating drug is extremely addictive and is named Krokodil. Chemically, it is an opioid (desomorphine), and can be given through the parenteral route. The name “Krokodil” which rhymes with crocodile, is derived from the appearance of a scaly skin, green or black in colour, which is the major side effect of this drug.

The drug causes severe damage to veins and soft tissue infections which is followed by necrosis and gangrene as per the reports published in a study this year.

Five people were hospitalized in Joliet, Illinois and their symptoms closely resembled those of similar cases reported in Arizona and Oklahoma.

Dr.Abhin Singla, an addiction specialist and internist at Joliet’s Presence St. Joseph Medical Center, said that if someone wants a way to die, then Krokodil is one way to do that. It literally eats the patient inside out.

To know more about this drug check out the following links:

Link 1

Link 2

Old Molecule, New Use – Rebamipide

rebamipide

Rebamipide

Rebamipide, which is an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is commonly used for mucosal protection, treatment of gastritis and  healing of gastroduodenal ulcers.

 

In a study published recently, in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, the researchers found that rebamipide can be used as an effective treatment for aphthous ulcers and other realted condtions.

 

MOA: Rebamipide acts by several mechanisms like, causing a reduction in oxygen radicals, increasing the production of protective protagladins and improving blood flow in the mucosa of the ulcer

 

Adverse Reactions of Rebamipide: Rebamipide can cause side effects such as pruritus, nausea, mild to moderate form of skin rashes, constipation and diarrhoea,

 

Precautions: Rebamipide should not be used by the elderly, children and adult patients suffering from chronic illness including cancer. Patients who are hypersensitive to dyes, chemicals and synthetic formulations should not be prescribed Rebamipide.

 

Click here to know more about the findings of the study

Top Selling drugs of 2013

top selling drugs

This article takes a glance at 5 top selling drugs of 2013 in India and the United States. We strongly feel that such questions may be asked in GPAT and NIPER and decided that we must provide our readers with the information of top selling drugs in two of the biggest nations where pharmaceutical products are in huge demand. This list of top selling drugs will also help our readers in gaining information about the companies producing these drugs as we are providing the links to these companies. Moreover, we advise our readers to study the pharmacological profile of these top selling drugs to get thorough knowledge.

Top selling drugs of 2013 – India

Interestingly, the list of top selling drugs in the Indian market does not feature even a single drug from domestic manufacturers. All the five top selling drugs are the once marketed by multi-national companies. This shows the successful marketing strategy employed by the MNCs to gain consumer attention in the Indian drug market.

[table id=5 /]

Top selling drugs of 2013 – U.S.

[table id=4 /]

It is quite evident that there is a stark contrast in the demands of drugs in these two countries. In India, antibiotics and cough suppressants are the top selling drugs whereas in the United States, an antipsychotic and proton pump inhibitors are in huge demand.

MRSA – New study uncovers secrets of antibiotic resistance

Researchers at the Univeristy of Notre Dame, Spain have recently published a study which explains the mechanism of regulation of the critical cell wall cross linking step in the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the journal which published the results of this study performed by Mayland Chang and Shahriar Mobashery along with their team, has revealed the basis of how the MRSA has evolved into such a dreaded pathogen over the past 50 years when it rapidly spread all over the world. It is noteworthy that the modern strains of MRSA are resistant to antibiotics in a broader sense, including the popularly uses beta-lactams.
In the study, it has been reported that an allosteric portion was discovered in the X-ray structure of the penicillin binding protein 2a of the MRSA bacterium. The penicillin binding protein is the enzyme involved in the cross linking step.
antibiotic resistance pb2

Chang, Mobashery and Juan Hermoso have documented at the CSIC, the Spanish Research Council, that conformational changes are set due to a trigger from an allosteric fragment in the cell wall at a distance of 6 nm. These changes ultimately lead to the opening of the closed active site that enables the catalysis of the physiological function of the enzyme.
The researchers also found that Ceftaroline, a new beta lactam antibiotic which has been approved by the FDA recently, can also bind to the allosteric site and initiate the same response. This is followed by the interaction of another molecule of the antibiotic with the active site of the enzyme which inhibits its function and leads to the death of the bacterial cell. The discovery of this mechanism of action of the new drug is a breakthrough and will help in designing new drugs to tackle the menace of MRSA.
A difficult hospital pathogen to control, MRSA has slowly entered the population in the past few decades, especially in places like nurseries, locker rooms and prisons. It is estimated that in the US almost 20,000 people of the 100,000 affected by this bacterium annually, eventually perish.

Important Pharmaceutical Databases

EMBASE,PUBMED, MICROMEDEX, NAPRALERT, PHARMAGKB are some of the popular pharmaceutical databases. Lets have a quick look at their services.

1. EMBASE
A very rich source of biomedical information from Elsevier Lifescience Solutions, EMBASE is a comprehensive database which is used by a majority of biomedical researchers worldwide. It allows the tracking and retrieval of information regarding diseases and drugs ranging for pre-clinical studies to important and critical information on toxicological studies. There are over 25 million records that are indexed with EMBASE and all of these have been taken from hundreds of peer reviewed journals. If you are in search of up to date information for your research, EMBASE is your likely destination.

EMBASE_home

Students, educators, physicians, pharmacists, information managers, clinicians and medical librarians are regular users of EMBASE because of its wide and in-depth coverage of data. It is a very good resource for especially those who are into clinical research and pharmacovigilance.

2. PubMed
A free to use database, maintained by the United States National Library of Medicine at National Institutes of Health, PubMed provides access to references on biomedical and life sciences information. It primarily accesses the MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, a.k.a MEDLARS online) database which has information collected from academic journals of pharmacy, nursing, medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine and health care. It is a very widely used database to access full text articles which are freely available.

3. MICROMEDEX
This is another very important and widely used database by researchers from various domains. It is a product of Truven Health Analytics which is a very trusted brand in evidence based medicine references. It provides well referenced information on diseases, drugs, toxicology, alternative medicine, acute care etc to healthcare practitioners for making precise diagnosis and treatment plans.
One very unique service called the PDR Electronic Library is specifically targeted towards providing information on drugs approved by the FDA which includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, contraindications and much more.

Click here to know more about the usefulness of MICORMEDEX for Pharmacists.

4. NAPRALERT
If you are into natural product research, you will face some difficulties while searching for quality information as there are very few indexed resources which provide good information about traditional medicine. However, NAPRALERT has been a big boon for phytochemists and pharmacologists who are into testing of natural products as it is high on precise information about natural products which includes ethnopharmacology, biochemical and pharmacological information on extracts of organisms in situ, in vitro, in vivo as well as in humans.

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As of today, NAPRALERT houses more than 200,000 reviews and research papers from all over the globe and also covers marine natural products. Ethnomedicinal information on almost 20,000 species is also available, which is a very rare achievement.

5. PharmaGKB
It stands for Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase and is yet another database which is hardly known to researchers in the pharmaceutical field, but is very sophisticated in terms of the information provided. It is a very good soruce of information on genomic, genetic, cellular and molecular phenotype data and clinical records from people who have been a part of pharmacogenomic research studies. It has data pertaining to more than 3000 diseases, almost 20,000 genes and 2500 drugs as well as 53 pathways. Very useful for researchers in understanding the effect of genetic makeup in producing different reactions to drugs in different individuals.

Researchers are advised to visit these databases to collect latest biomedical information. We will keep posting about more pharmaceutical databases.

[PPT]- Lymphatic Transportation of Drugs

Lymphatic transport of drugs
Lymphatic Transport of Drugs powerpoint
Lymphatic Transport of Drugs powerpoint
Contents of Lymphatic Transportaion of Drugs Power point includes
1.Role of the lymphatic system
2.Organisation of Lymphatic system
3.Formation of Lymph
4.Fat absorption
5.Advantages of intestinal lymphatic drug transport
6.Enhancing Lymphatic Transport
   a)Prodrug approaches
   b)Formulation approaches
7.Conclusion
Like this page to download the presentation [like-gate]Download here [/like-gate]

Title of PPT:

Lymphatic Transportation of Drugs: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction

The lymphatic system plays a pivotal role in the transport of drugs within the body, influencing their absorption, distribution, and overall pharmacokinetics. Understanding the intricacies of lymphatic drug transport is essential for optimizing drug delivery strategies and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In this comprehensive PowerPoint presentation, we will delve into the various aspects of lymphatic drug transport, from the role of the lymphatic system to strategies for enhancing this mode of drug delivery.

Slide 1: Title

Lymphatic Transportation of Drugs: A Comprehensive Overview

Slide 2: Role of the Lymphatic System

The Lymphatic System: A Crucial Player
Lymphatic System Functions:
Immune response support
Fluid balance maintenance
Lipid absorption from the digestive tract
Key Role in Drug Transport: An Overview

Slide 3: Organization of the Lymphatic System

Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Primary Components:
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic organs (e.g., spleen, tonsils)
Detailed Exploration of the System’s Structure

Slide 4: Formation of Lymph

Lymph Composition and Formation
Origin of Lymph: Interstitial Fluid
Role of Lymphatic Capillaries
Diagrammatic Representation

Slide 5: Fat Absorption

Lipid Absorption in the Digestive Tract
Role of the Lymphatic System in Fat Transport
Chylomicrons: Lipid Transport Vehicles
Illustration of Fat Absorption Process

Slide 6: Advantages of Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport

Why Target the Lymphatic System for Drug Delivery?
Key Advantages:
Improved bioavailability
Reduced first-pass metabolism
Enhanced drug solubility
Real-world Applications and Examples

Slide 7: Enhancing Lymphatic Transport

Strategies for Maximizing Lymphatic Drug Transport
Focus on Two Main Approaches:
Prodrug Approaches
Formulation Approaches
A Comprehensive Look at Each Strategy

Slide 8: Enhancing Lymphatic Transport (Continued)

a) Prodrug Approaches
Definition and Rationale
Examples of Prodrugs:
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Fosphenytoin
Advantages and Challenges
b) Formulation Approaches
Lipid-Based Formulations
Nanoparticles and Micelles
Polymer-Based Systems
Clinical Success Stories

Slide 9: Enhancing Lymphatic Transport

Formulation Approaches (Continued):
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Nanoemulsions
Microemulsions
Comparative Analysis of Formulation Approaches
Case Studies and Drug Examples

Slide 10: Conclusion

Key Takeaways and Recap
The Lymphatic System’s Vital Role in Drug Transport
Importance of Tailored Drug Delivery Strategies
Future Directions in Lymphatic Drug Transport Research

Slide 11: References

Cite the relevant literature, studies, and resources used in the presentation.

Slide 12: Questions and Discussion

Open the floor to questions and engage in discussions with the audience.

Slide 13: Acknowledgments

Recognize the contributions of individuals or institutions who assisted in the research and preparation of the presentation.

Slide 14: Contact Information

Provide contact details for further inquiries or collaboration opportunities.

Slide 15: Thank You

Express gratitude to the audience for their attention and participation.

This PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of lymphatic drug transport, including the role of the lymphatic system, its organization, the formation of lymph, fat absorption, advantages of targeting the lymphatic system, strategies for enhancing lymphatic transport, and concluding remarks. It serves as an educational resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students interested in the field of drug delivery and pharmacology.