NIPER JEE – Mnemonics for drugs

Mnemonics for easily remembering drugs and their adverse effects

Steroids side effects: BECLOMETHASONE:

  • Buffalo hump
  • Easy bruising
  • Cataracts
  • Larger appetite
  • Obesity
  • Moonface
  • Euphoria
  • Thin arms & legs
  • Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
  • Avascular necrosis of femoral head
  • Skin thinning
  • Osteoporosis
  • Negative nitrogen balance
  • Emotional liability

For more drugs Download pdf here

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Test Organisms for Microbiological Assay of Antibiotics

Test Organisms for Microbiological Assay of Antibiotics

Antibiotic Test Organism ATCC No. NCTC No. (NCIB No.)
Amikacin Staphylococcus aureus

29737

7447

Amphotericin B Saccharomyces cerevisiae

9763

10716

Bacitracin Micrococcus luteus

10240

7743

Bleomycin Mycobacterium smegmatis

607

Carbenicillin Pseudomonas aeruginosa

25619

Doxycycline Staphylococcus aureus

29737

7447

Erythromycin Micrococcus luteus

9341

(8553)

Framycetin Bacillus pumilus

14884

8241

Bacillus subtilis

6633

8236,10400
Gentamicin Staphylococcus epidermidis

12228

(8553)

Kanamycin sulphate Bacillus pumilus

14884

8241

Staphylococcus aureus

29737

7447

Kanamycin B Bacillus subtilis

6633

8236

Neomycin Staphylococcus epidermids

12228

(8553)

Novobiocin Staphylococcus epidermids

12228

(8553)

Nystatin SaccharomycesCerevisiae

2601

10716

Oxytetracycline Bacillus cereus var, mycoides

11778

10320

Staphylococcus aureus

29737

7447

Polymyxin B Bordetella bronchiseptica

4617

8344

Rifampicin Bacillus subtilis

6633

8236

Streptomycin Bacillus subtilis

6633

8236

Klebsiella pnumoniae

10031

(9111)

Tetracycline Bacillus Cereus

11778

10320

To download as pdf click here

NIPER JEE 2012 (syllabus) updated: 07/06/12 !!!

NIPER JEE Syllabus

 (There is NO OFFICIAL syllabus provided for NIPER-JEE exam, but things outside this are rarely asked)

 Natural Products:

 

  1. In natural products more stress should be given on phytochemistry part rather than biological aspects but you should know about biological sources and chemical constituents of important ones.

 

  1. Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products. Various separation techniques used for isolation of natural products.

 

  1. Biosynthetic pathways.

 

  1. Primary metabolites, their examples.

 

  1. Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites – Here most important part is chemistry of these classes. (e.g. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanidines etc).

 

  1. Important therapeutic classes: antidiabetics, hepatoprotectives, immmunomodulators, neutraceuticals, natural products for gynecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc. dietary antioxidants, marine natural products, plant growth regulators.

 

  1. Standardization of natural products.

 

  1. What is difference between natural products and pharmacognosy?

 

  1. Some knowledge about types and preparation of ayurvedic formulations like asava, arista etc.

 

  1. Stereochemistry and spectroscopy applied to some phytochemical constituents/ pure natural products- NMR, IR. Stereochemistry: Fischer, Sawhorse and Newman projection formulae.

 

References:
For various therapeutic classes: Trease and Evans

For spectroscopy: Silverstein, Pavia, Kemp

Download full syllabus here

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FDA Approved and Recalled drugs from Jan 2012 to May 2012

FDA-Approved Drugs in 2012

Dermatology/Plastic Surgery

Sklice (ivermectin) lotion; Sanofi Pasteur; For the treatment of head lice, Approved February 2012

Endocrinology

Korlym (mifepristone); Corcept Therapeutics; For the control of hyperglycemia in adults with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, Approved February 2012

Hematology

Elelyso (taliglucerasealfa); Pfizer Inc; For the treatment of Gaucher disease, Approved May 2012

Omontys (peginesatide); Affymax; For the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease, Approved March 2012

Musculoskeletal

Stendra (avanafil); Vivus; For the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Approved April 2012

Oncology

Afinitor (everolimus); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; For the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, Approved April 2012

Erivedge (vismodegib); Genentech; For the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, Approved January 2012

Inlyta (axitinib); Pfizer; For the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, Approved January 2012

 

click here for more

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FDA Approved and Recalled drugs from May 2011 to Dec 2011

FDA-Approved Drugs in 2011

Cardiology/Vascular Diseases

Brilinta (ticagrelor); AstraZeneca; For the reduction of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome, Approved July 2011

Edarbyclor (azilsartanmedoxomilandchlorthalidone); Takeda Pharmaceutical; For the treatment of hypertension, Approved December of 2011

Xarelto (rivaroxaban); Janssen Pharmaceuticals; For the reduction in the risk of stroke and systemic embolism resulting from atrial fibrillation, Approved November 2011

Dermatology/Plastic Surgery

Firazyr (icatibant); Shire; For the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema, Approved August of 2011

laViv (azficelT); Fibrocell Science; For the improvement of nasolabial fold wrinkles in adults, Approved June 2011

Endocrinology

Tradjenta (linagliptin); Boehringer Ingelheim; For the treatment of type II diabetes, Approved May 2011

Gastroenterology

Dificid (fidaxomicin); Optimer Pharmaceuticals; For the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, Approved May 2011

Incivek (telaprevir); Vertex; For the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C, Approved May 2011

Victrelis (boceprevir); Merck; For the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, Approved May 2011

 

for more click here

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NIPER JEE 2012 Important dates, Admission, Application

Important Dates for Admission

Date of commencement of online Registration———1st June 2012

Last date for online Rregistration
13th June 2012

Last date of receipt of filled registration slips
20th June 2012

Date of issue of admit card by e-mail/downloadable from website
27th June 2012

NIPER Joint Entrance Examination (10:00 am. to 12.00 noon)
1st July 2012

Declaration of result of written test
6th July 2012 (Website-www.niper.gov.in/niperjee2012.html)
Group discussion and Interview for M.B.A (Pharm.)
11th-12th July, 2012

Declaration of the list of selected and waitlisted candidates of M.B.A. (Pharm.)
13th July, 2012

Admission of selected and waitlisted candidates of M.B.A (Pharm.)
13th July, 2012

NIPER Joint Counselling for admission to Masters Programme
17th-19th July, 2012

Orientation
27th July, 2012

Commencement of classes
30th July, 2012

 

NIPER jee important dates

Your opinion matters…

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), the top body handling approval of drugs has shown lapses and irregularities on the grant of approvals to new drugs, over 33 such drugs were approved without conducting clinical trials on Indian patients. more…

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Drugs banned in developed world sold in India: Parliamentary Panel -List of Drugs Banned in India PDF

The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare also pointed to serious lapses and irregularities on the approvals of new drugs and pointed out that 33 such drugs were approved without conducting clinical trials on Indian patients.

The Committee said scrutiny of 42 drugs picked up randomly involving grant of drug approvals in utter disregard of regulatory procedures and violation of rules and pointed out to files of approval of three controversial drugs (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin and sparfloxacin) found missing and untraceable.

These drugs were either never marketed or withdrawn in the US, Canada, Britain, Australia and other countries.

Citing the example of Deanxit, the Panel pointed out that the drug continued to be prohibited for sale and use in Denmark, the country of its origin, and thus permission to import and market it in India was given unlawfully.The panel cited another example of Letrozole by Novartis, used as an anti-cancer drugs used only in post-menopausal women, is used only in India where it is permitted for use in female infertility.

329 Banned Drugs List in India – PDF Full Download – 2018 – Latest News

List of Drugs Banned in India

A. Single drug preparations (or combinations of)

1. Amidopyrine
2. Phenacetin
3. Nialamide
4. Methaqualone
5. Methapyriline (and its salts)
6. Practolol
7. Penicillin skin/eye ointment
8. Tetracycline/Oxytetracyline/Demeclocycline liquid oral preparations.
9. Chloral hydrate
10. Dover’s powder and Dover’s powder tablets I.P.
11. Chloroform exceeding 0.5% w/w or v/v in pharmaceutical preparations.
12. Mepacrine HCl (Quinacrine and its salts) in any dosage form for use for female sterilization
or contraception.
13. Fenfluramine
14. Dexfenfluramine
15. Terfenadine
16. Astemizole
17. Phenformin
18. Rofecoxib
19. Valdecoxib
20. Rosiglitazone
21. Nimesulide Formulatios In Children Below The Age Of 12 years
22. Cisapride
23. Rimonabant
24. Phenyl Propanolamine
25. Human Placenta Extract in topical application for wound healing and injection for pelvic
inflammatory diseases.
26. Sibutramine
27. R-Sibutramine
28. Gatifloxacin
29. Tegaserod

B. Fixed dose combination with any other drug

1. Corticosteroids with any other drug for internal use.
2. Chloramphenicol with any other drug for internal use.
3. Sodium bromide/chloral hydrate with other drugs.
4. Ergot with any drug except preparations containing ergotamine, caffeine, analgesics,
antihistamines for treatment of migraine.
5. Anabolic steroids with other drugs.
6. Metoclopramide with other drugs (except with aspirin/paracetamol).
7. Pectin and/or kaolin with any drug which is systematically absorbed from g.i. tract, except
for combination of pectin and/or kaolin with drugs not systematically absorbed.
8. Hydroxyquinolines with any other drug except in preparations for external use.
9. Oxyphenbutazone or phenylbutazone with any other drug.
10. Dextropropoxyphene with any other drug except antispasmodics and/or NSAIDs.
11. Analgin (metamizol) with any other drug.

list of drugs banned in India PDF – 2018

C. Fixed dose drug combinations of

1. Penicillins with Sulfonamides.
2. Tetracyclines with Vitamin C
3. Antitubercular drugs with Vitamins (except Isoniazid with Pyridoxine HCl).
4. Vitamins with Analgesics/Antiinflammatory drugs.
5. Vitamins with Tranquillisers.
6. Atropine and Analgesic-antipyretics.
7. Yohimbine and Strychnine with Testosterone and Vitamins.
8. Strychnine and Caffeine in tonics.
9. Iron with Strychnine, Arsenic and Yohimbine.
10. Antihistaminics with Antidiarrhoeals.
11. More than one Antihistamine in the same preparation.
12. Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics with Analgesic-antipyretics.
13. H2 receptor antagonists with Antacids (except those combinations approved by Drugs
Controller, India).
14. Anthelmintics (except Piperazine) with a Cathartic/Purgative.
15. Salbutamol (or any other bronchodilator) with centrally acting Antitussive and/or an
Antihistamine.
16. Centrally acting Antitussives with Antihistamines having atropine like activity in
expectorants.
17. Centrally acting Antitussive and/or Antihistamine in preparations for cough associated with
asthma.
18. Laxative and/or antispasmodic drugs in enzyme preparations.
19. Glycerophosphates and/or other phosphates and/or CNS stimulant in liquid oral tonics.
20. Estrogen and Progestin (other than oral contraceptives) containing per tablet Estrogen more
than 50 ug ethinylestradiol (or equivalent) and progestin more than 3 mg of norethisterone
acetate (or equivalent) and, all fixed dose combination injectable preparations containing
synthetic estrogen and progesterone.
21. Ethambutol with Isoniazid, except in the following daily doses:
Isoniazid 200 mg + Ethambutol 600 mg or
Isoniaizd 300 mg + Ethambutol 800 mg
22. Pyrazinamide with other antitubercular drugs, except that which provide the following daily
doses.
Rifampicin 450 to 600 mg
Isoniazid 300 to 400 mg
Pyrazinamide 1000 to 1500 mg
23. Essential oils with Alcohol having percentage higher than 20% proof (except preparations
given in the I.P.).
24. Liquid oral tonic preparations containing alcohol more than 20% proof.
25. Streptomycin with penicillin in parenteral preparation.
26. Antidiarrhoeals containing adsorbants like kaolin, pectin, attapulgite, activated charcoal etc.
27. Antidiarrhoeals containing phthalylsulfathiazole, succinyl sulfathiazole, sulfaguanidine,
neomycin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin.
28. Antidiarrhoeal formulations for pediatric use containing diphenoxylate, loperamide, atropine,
hyoscyamine, halogenated hydroxyquionolines.
29. Antidiarrhoeals with electrolytes.
30. Fixed dose combinations of haemoglobin in any form.
31. Pancreatine or pancrelipase containing amylase, protease and lipase with any other enzyme.
32. Oral rehydration salts other than those conforming to the following parameters:
a) Oral rehydration salts on reconstitution to one litre shall contain: sodium-50 to 90 mM;
total osmolarity-240 to 290 mOsm; dextrose: sodium molar ratio-not less than 1:1 and not
more than 3:1.
b) Cereal based ORS on reconstitution to one litre shall contain: total osmolarity not more
than 2900 mOsm. Precooked rice equivalent to not less than 50 g and not more than 80 g
as total replacement of dextrose.
c) ORS may contain amino acids in addition to ORS conforming to the parameters
specified above and labeled with the indication for “Adult Choleratic Diarrhoea” only.
d) ORS shall not contain mono or polysaccharides or saccharin sweetening agent.
33. A drug, standards of which are prescribed in the 2nd schedule to Drugs and Cosmetics Act
with an Ayurvedic Siddha or Unani drug.
34. Vitamin B1, Vit B6 and Vit B12 for human use.
35. Diazepam with diphenhydramine HCl.
36. Nitrofurantoin with Trimethoprim.
37. Phenobarbitone with any antiasthmatic drug, or with hyoscine and/or Hyoscyamine, or
ergotamine and/or belladonna.
38. Haloperidol with any anticholinergic agent including propantheline Br.
39. Nalidixic acid with any antiamoebic including metronidazole.
40. Loperamide with furazolidone.
41. Cyproheptadine with lysine or peptone.
42. Diazepam and Diphenhyhydramine Hydrochloride.

Low oxygen levels drive cancer growth

f hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in cells, is proven to be a key driver of certain types of cancer, treatment plans for curing the malignant growth can change in significant ways, said Ying Xu, professor of bioinformatics and computational biology at Georgia University’s Franklin College of Arts and Sciences.

The research team analysed samples of messenger RNA data, also called transcriptomic data, from seven different cancer types in a publicly available database.

They found that long-term lack of oxygen in cells may be a key driver of cancer growth, the Journal of Molecular Cell Biology reports.

Previous studies had linked low oxygen levels in cells as a contributing factor in cancer development, but not as the driving force for cancer growth.

High cancer rates worldwide cannot be explained by chance genetic mutations alone, Xu said, according to a Georgia statement.

He added that bioinformatics, which melds biology and computational science, has allowed researchers to see cancer in a new light.

“Cancer drugs try to get to the root, at the molecular level, of a particular mutation, but the cancer often bypasses it,” Xu said.

“So we think that possibly, genetic mutations may not be the main driver of cancer.”

The researchers analysed data downloaded from the Stanford Microarray database via a software programme to detect abnormal gene expression patterns in seven cancers: breast, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreatic and stomach.

Xu relied on the gene HIF1A as a biomarker of the amount of molecular oxygen in a cell. All seven cancers showed increasing amounts of HIF1A, indicating decreasing oxygen levels in the cancer cells.

Low oxygen levels in a cell interrupt the activity of oxidative phosphorylation, a term for the highly efficient way that cells normally use to convert food to energy.

Low oxygen levels engender the process of creating new blood vessels. They provide fresh oxygen, thus improving oxygen levels in the cell and tumour and slowing the cancer growth – but only temporarily.

“When a cancer cell gets more food, it grows; this makes the tumour biomass bigger and even more hypoxic. In turn, the energy-conversion efficiency goes further down, making the cells even hungrier and triggering the cells to get more food from blood circulation, creating a vicious cycle. This could be a key driver of cancer,” Xu said.