Pharm.D – I YEAR

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (THEORY)

 

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

 

1. Scope and Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various body systems. Since a medicament, which is produced by pharmacist, is used to correct the deviations in human body, it enhances the understanding of how the drugs act on the various body systems in correcting the disease state of the organs.

 

2. Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
   1. describe the structure (gross and histology) and functions of various organs of the human body;

 

1. describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances of various systems;
2. identify the various tissues and organs of the different systems of the human body;
3. perform the hematological tests and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and Respiratory volumes;
4. appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system; and

 

1. appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of human body

 

3. Course materials: Text books
   1. Tortora Gerard J. and Nicholas, P. Principles of anatomy and physiology Publisher Harpercollins college New York.

 

1. Wilson, J.W.  Ross  and  Wilson’s  foundations  of  anatomy  and  physiology.  Publisher:  Churchill

Livingstone, Edinburg.

 

 

Reference books

1. Guyton arthur, C. Physiology of human body. Publisher: Holtsaunders.

 

11. Chatterjee,C.C. Human physiology. Volume 1&11. Publisher: medical allied agency, Calcutta.
12. Peter L. Williams, Roger Warwick, Mary Dyson and Lawrence, H.
13. Gray’s anatomy. Publisher:Churchill Livingstone, London.

 

4. Lecture wise program:

 

Topics

 

• Scope of anatomy and physiology, basic terminologies used in this subject (Description of the body as such planes and terminologies)
• Structure of cell – its components and their functions.

 

• Elementary tissues of the human body: epithelial, connective, Muscular and nervous tissues-their sub-types and characteristics

 

• a) Osseous system – structure, composition and functions of the

 

1. Classification of joints, Types of movements of joints and disorders of joints (Definitions only)

• Haemopoetic System
  1. Composition and functions of blood
  2. Haemopoesis and disorders of blood components (definition of disorder)
  3. Blood groups
  4. Clotting factors and mechanism
  5. Platelets and disorders of coagulation

 

• Lymph
  1. Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, formation and circulation.
  2. Spleen: structure and functions, Disorders
  3. Disorders of lymphatic system (definition only)

 

• Cardiovascular system
  1. Anatomy and functions of heart
  2. Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation)
  3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

 

1. Cardiac cycle and heart sounds
2. Blood pressure – its maintenance and regulation
3. Definition of the following disorders

 

Hypertension, Hypotension, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Angina, Myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Cardiac arrhythmias

 

• Respiratory system
  1. Anatomy of respiratory organs and functions
  2. Mechanism / physiology of respiration and regulation of respiration
  3. Transport of respiratory gases

 

1. Respiratory volumes and capacities, and Definition of: Hypoxia, Asphyxia, Dybarism, Oxygen therapy and resuscitation.

 

• Digestive system
  1. Anatomy and physiology of GIT
  2. Anatomy and functions of accessory glands of GIT
  3. Digestion and absorption
  4. Disorders of GIT (definitions only)

 

• Nervous system

 

1. Definition and classification of nervous system
2. Anatomy, physiology and functional areas of cerebrum
3. Anatomy and physiology of cerebellum
4. Anatomy and physiology of mid brain
5. Thalamus, hypothalamus and Basal Ganglia

 

1. Spinal card: Structure & reflexes – mono-poly-planter
2. Cranial nerves – names and functions
3. ANS – Anatomy & functions of sympathetic & parasympathetic N.S.

 

• Urinary system

 

1. Anatomy and physiology of urinary system
2. Formation of urine
3. Renin Angiotensin system – Juxtaglomerular apparatus – acid base Balance
4. Clearance tests and micturition

• Endocrine system
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Adrenal gland
  3. Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
  4. Pancreas and gonads

 

• Reproductive system

 

1. Male and female reproductive system
2. Their hormones – Physiology of menstruation
3. Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
4. Sex determination (genetic basis)
5. Pregnancy and maintenance and parturition
6. Contraceptive devices

 

• Sense organs
  1. Eye

 

1. Ear
2. Skin
3. Tongue & Nose

 

• Skeletal muscles

 

1. Histology
2. Physiology of Muscle contraction
3. Physiological properties of skeletal muscle and their disorders (definitions)

 

• Sports physiology

 

1. Muscles in exercise, Effect of athletic training on muscles and muscle performance,

 

1. Respiration in exercise, CVS in exercise, Body heat in exercise, Body fluids and salts in exercise,

 

1. Drugs and athletics

General Requirements: Dissection box, Laboratory Napkin, muslin cloth, record, Observation book(100pages), Stationary items, Blood lancet.

 

 

Course materials:

 

Text books

 

Goyal, R. K, Natvar M.P, and Shah S.A, Practical anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, latest edition, Publisher: B.S Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad.

 

References

 

Ranade VG, Text book of practical physiology, Latest edition, Publisher: PVG,  Pune Anderson Experimental

Physiology, Latest edition, Publisher: NA

 

List of Experiments:

1. Study of tissues of human body
   • Epithelial tissue.
   • Muscular tissue.
2. Study of tissues of human body
   • Connective tissue.
   • Nervous tissue.
3. Study of appliances used in hematological experiments.
4. Determination of W.B.C. count of blood.
5. Determination of R.B.C. count of blood.
6. Determination of differential count of blood.
7. Determination of
   • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.
   • Hemoglobin content of Blood.

• Bleeding time & Clotting time.

12. Determination of
    • Blood Pressure.
    • Blood group.
13. Study of various systems with the help of charts, models & specimens
    • Skeleton system part I-axial skeleton.
    • Skeleton system part II- appendicular skeleton.
    • Cardiovascular system.
    • Respiratory system.
    • Digestive system.
    • Urinary system.
    • Nervous system.
    • Special senses.
    • Reproductive system.
14. Study of different family planning appliances.
15. To perform pregnancy diagnosis test.
16. Study of appliances used in experimental physiology.
17. To record simple muscle curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
18. To record simple summation curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
19. To record simple effect of temperature using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
20. To record simple effect of load & after load using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
21. To record simple fatigue curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.

 

Scheme of Practical Examination:

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Identification	04	10
Synopsis	04	10
Major Experiment	07	20
Minor Experiment	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

 

Note:   Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).

PHARMACEUTICS (THEORY)

 

Theory : 2 Hrs. /Week

 

1. Scope and objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of formulating different dosage forms. It prepares the students for most basics of the applied field of pharmacy.

 

2. Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
   1. know the formulation aspects of different dosage forms;
   2. do different pharmaceutical caluculation involved in formulation;

 

1. formulate different types of dosage forms; and
2. appreciate the importance of good formulation for effectiveness.

 

3. Course materials: Text books
   1. Cooper and Gunns Dispensing for pharmacy students.

 

1. A text book Professional Pharmacy by N.K.Jain and S.N.Sharma.

 

 

References

 

1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical dosage forms by Howard C. Ansel.
2. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
3. Register of General Pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. General Pharmacy by M.L.Schroff.

 

4. Lecture wise programme: Topics

 

• Introduction to dosage forms – classification and definitions
  1. Prescription: definition, parts and handling

 

1. Posology: Definition, Factors affecting dose selection. Calculation of children and infant doses.

 

• Historical back ground and development of profession of pharmacy and pharmaceutical industry in brief.

 

• Development of Indian Pharmacopoeia and introduction to other Pharmacopoeias such as BP, USP, European Pharmacopoeia, Extra pharmacopoeia and Indian national formulary.

 

• Weights and measures, Calculations involving percentage solutions, allegation, proof spirit, isotonic solutions etc.

 

• Powders and Granules: Classification advantages and disadvantages, Preparation of simple, compound powders, Insufflations, Dusting powders, Eutectic and Explosive powders, Tooth powder and effervescent powders and granules.

 

• Monophasic Dosage forms: Theoretical aspects of formulation including adjuvant like stabilizers, colorants, flavours with examples. Study of Monophasic liquids like gargles, mouth washes, Throat paint, Ear drops, Nasal drops, Liniments and lotions, Enemas and collodions.

 

• Biphasic dosage forms: Suspensions and emulsions, Definition, advantages and disadvantages,

classification, test for the type of emulsion, formulation, stability and evaluation.

 

• Suppositories and pessaries: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, types of base, method of preparation, Displacement value and evaluation.

 

 

18

 

• Galenicals: Definition, equipment for different extraction processes like infusion, Decoction, Maceration and Percolation, methods of preparation of spirits, tinctures and extracts.

 

• Pharmaceutical calculations.

 

• Surgical aids: Surgical dressings, absorbable gelatin sponge, sutures, ligatures and medicated bandages.
• Incompatibilities: Introduction, classification and methods to overcome the incompatibilities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

(T0810008) PHARMACEUTICS (PRACTICAL)

 

Practical: 3 Hrs. /Week

 

List of Experiments:

 

 

1. Syrups
   1. Simple Syrup I.P

 

1. Syrup of Ephedrine Hcl NF
2. Syrup Vasaka IP
3. Syrup of ferrous Phosphate IP

 

1. Orange Syrup

 

2. Elixir
   1. Piperizine citrate elixir BP
   2. Cascara elixir BPC
   3. Paracetamol elixir BPC

 

3. Linctus
   1. Simple Linctus BPC

 

1. Pediatric simple Linctus BPC

 

4. Solutions
   1. Solution of cresol with soap IP
   2. Strong solution of ferric chloride BPC
   3. Aqueous Iodine Solution IP
   4. Strong solution of Iodine IP
   5. Strong solution of ammonium acetate IP

 

5. Liniments
   1. Liniment of turpentine IP*
   2. Liniment of camphor IP

 

6. Suspensions*
   1. Calamine lotion

 

1. Magnesium Hydroxide mixture BP

 

7. Emulsions*
   1. Cod liver oil emulsion
   2. Liquid paraffin emulsion

 

8. Powders
   1. Eutectic powder

 

1. Explosive powder
2. Dusting powder
3. Insufflations

 

 

 

 

20

 

9. Suppositories
   1. Boric acid suppositories

 

1. Chloral suppositories

 

10. Incompatibilities
    1. Mixtures with Physical
    2. Chemical & Therapeutic incompatibilities

 

• colourless bottles required for dispensing Paper envelope (white), butter paper and white paper required for dispensing.

 

 

Scheme of Practical Examination:

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiment	10	25
Minor Experiment	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

Note :  Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

(T0810003) MEDICINAL BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY)

 

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

 

1. Scope of the Subject: Applied biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular level of the chemical process associated with living cells.Clinical chemistry deals with the study of chemical aspects of human life in health and illness and the application of chemical laboratory methods to diagnosis, control of treatment, and prevention of diseases.

 

2. Objectives of the Subject (Know, do, appreciate) :

 

The objective of the present course is providing biochemical facts and the principles to the students of pharmacy. Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –

 

1. understand the catalytic activity of enzymes and importance of isoenzymes in diagnosis of diseases;
2. know the metabolic process of biomolecules in health and illness (metabolic disorders);

 

1. understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome; protein synthesis; replication; mutation and repair mechanism;

 

1. know the biochemical principles of organ function tests of kidney, liver and endocrine gland; and
2. do the qualitative analysis and determination of biomolecules in the body fluids.

 

 

Text books (Theory)

1. Harpers review of biochemistry – Martin

 

1. Text book of biochemistry – D.Satyanarayana
2. Text book of clinical chemistry- Alex kaplan &Laverve L.Szabo

 

References (Theory)

1. Principles of biochemistry — Lehninger

 

1. Text book of biochemistry — Ramarao

1. Practical Biochemistry-David T.Plummer.
2. Practical Biochemistry-Pattabhiraman.

 

3. Lecture wise programme: Topics

 

• Introduction to biochemistry: Cell and its biochemical organization, transport process across the cell membranes. Energy rich compounds; ATP, Cyclic AMP and their biological significance.

 

• Enzymes: Definition; Nomenclature; IUB classification; Factor affecting enzyme activity; Enzyme action; enzyme inhibition. Isoenzymes and their therapeutic and diagnostic applications; Coenzymes and their biochemical role and deficiency diseases.

 

• Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), HMP shunt, Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis. Metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus and glycogen storage diseases); Glucose, Galactose tolerance test and their significance; hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

 

 

22

 

• Lipid metabolism: Oxidation of saturated (b-oxidation); Ketogenesis and ketolysis; biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipids; metabolism of cholesterol; Hormonal regulation of lipid metabolism. Defective metabolism of lipids (Atheroslerosis, fatty liver, hypercholesterolmiea).

 

• Biological oxidation: Coenzyme system involved in Biological oxidation. Electron transport chain (its mechanism in energy capture; regulation and inhibition); Uncouplers of ETC; Oxidative phosphorylation;

 

• Protein and amino acid metabolism: protein turn over; nitrogen balance; Catabolism of Amino acids (Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation). Urea cycle and its metabolic disorders; production of bile pigments; hyperbilirubinemia, porphoria, jaundice. Metabolic disorder of Amino acids.

 

• Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides; Protein synthesis; Genetic code; inhibition of protein synthesis; mutation and repair mechanism; DNA replication (semiconservative /onion peel models) and DNA repair mechanism.

 

• Introduction to clinical chemistry: Cell; composition; malfunction; Roll of the clinical chemistry laboratory.

 

• The kidney function tests: Role of kidney; Laboratory tests for normal function includes-

 

1. Urine analysis (macroscopic and physical examination, quantitative and semiquantitative tests.)

 

1. Test for NPN constituents. (Creatinine /urea clearance, determination of blood and urine creatinine, urea and uric acid)
2. Urine concentration test
3. Urinary tract calculi. (stones)

 

• Liver function tests: Physiological role of liver, metabolic, storage, excretory, protective, circulatory functions and function in blood coagulation.

 

1. Test for hepatic dysfunction-Bile pigments metabolism.
2. Test for hepatic function test- Serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin, and urine urobilinogen.
3. Dye tests of excretory function.
4. Tests based upon abnormalities of serum proteins.

 

 

• Lipid profile tests: Lipoproteins, composition, functions. Determination of serum lipids, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

 

• Immunochemical techniques for determination of hormone levels and protein levels in serum for endocrine diseases and infectious diseases.

 

Radio immuno assay (RIA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA)

 

• Electrolytes: Body water, compartments, water balance, and electrolyte distrubution. Determination of sodium, calcium potassium, chlorides, bicarbonates in the body fluids.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Pharm.D – I YEAR

(T0810009) MEDICINAL BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICAL)

 

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

 

Title of the Experiment:

 

 

• Qualitative analysis of normal constituents of urine.*
• Qualitative analysis of abnormal constituents of urine.*
• Quantitative estimation of urine sugar by Benedict’s reagent method.**
• Quantitative estimation of urine chlorides by Volhard’s method.**
• Quantitative estimation of urine creatinine by Jaffe’s method.**

 

• Quantitative estimation of urine calcium by precipitation method.**
• Quantitative estimation of serum cholesterol by Libermann Burchard’s method.**
• Preparation of Folin Wu filtrate from blood.*
• Quantitative estimation of blood creatinine.**
• Quantitative estimation of blood sugar Folin-Wu tube method.**
• Estimation of SGOT in serum.**
• Estimation of SGPT in serum.**
• Estimation of Urea in Serum.**
• Estimation of Proteins in Serum.**
• Determination of serum bilirubin**
• Determination of Glucose by means of Glucoseoxidase.**
• Enzymatic hydrolysis of Glycogen/Starch by Amylases.**
• Study of factors affecting Enzyme activity. (pH & Temp.)**
• Preparation of standard buffer solutions and its pH measurements (any two)*
• Experiment on lipid profile tests**
• Determination of sodium,calcium and potassium in serum.**

 

• indicate major experiments & * indicate minor experiments

 

Assignments:

 

Format of the assignment

 

1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.

 

2. It shall be computer draft copy.
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student.

 

5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.

 

 

Scheme of Practical Examination:

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiment	10	25
Minor Experiment	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

 

Note : Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

 

(T0810004) PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

 

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

 

1. Scope and objectives: This course is designed to impart a very good knowledge about

 

1. IUPAC/Common system of nomenclature of simple organic compounds belonging to different classes of organic compounds;
   1. Some important physical properties of organic compounds;

 

1. Free radical/ nucleophyllic [alkyl/ acyl/ aryl] /electrophyllic substitution, free radical/ nucleophyllic / electrophyllic addition, elimination, oxidation and reduction reactions with mechanism, orientation of the reaction, order of reactivity, stability of compounds;

 

1. Some named organic reactions with mechanisms; and

 

1. Methods of preparation, test for purity, principle involved in the assay, important medicinal uses of some important organic compounds.

 

2. Course materials: Text books
   1. R.Morrison and R. Boyd – Organic chemistry,
   2. Bentley and Driver-Text book of Pharmaceutical chemistry
   3. L.Finer- Organic chemistry, the fundamentals of chemistry

 

 

Reference books

 

1. Organic chemistry – J.M.Cram and D.J.Cram

 

1. Organic chemistry- Brown
2. Advanced organic chemistry- Jerry March, Wiley
3. Organic chemistry- Cram and Hammered, Pine Hendrickson

 

3. Lecture wise Programme: Topics
   • Structures and Physical properties:

 

1. Polarity of bonds, polarity of molecules, M.P, Inter molecular forces, B.P, Solubility, non ionic solutes and ionic solutes, protic and aprotic Solvents, ion pairs,

 

1. Acids and bases, Lowry bronsted and Lewis theories
2. Isomerism

 

• Nomenclature of organic compound belonging to the following classes Alkanes, Alkenes, Dienes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amides, Amines, Phenols, Alkyl Halides, Carboxylic Acid, Esters, Acid Chlorides And Cycloalkanes.

 

• Free radicals chain reactions of alkane : Mechanism, relative reactivity and stability

 

• Alicyclic compounds : Preparations of cyclo alkanes, Bayer strain theory and orbital picture of angle strain.

 

• Nuclophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism: Nucleophiles and leaving groups, kinetics of second and first order reaction, mechanism and kinetics of SN₂ Stereochemistry and steric hindrance, role of solvents, phase transfer catalysis, mechanism and kinetics of SN1 reactions, stereochemistry, carbocation and their stability, rearrangement of carbocation, role of solvents in SN1 reaction, Ion dipole bonds, SN2 versus SN1 solvolyses, nucleophilic assistance by the solvents.

 

• Dehydro halogenation of alkyl halides: 1,2 elimination, kinetics, E2 and E1 mechanism, elimination via carbocation, evidence for E2 mechanism, absence of rearrangement isotope effect, absence hydrogen exchange, the element effect, orientation and reactivity,

 

26

 

E2 versus E1, elimination versus substitution, dehydration of alcohol, ease of dehydration, acid catalysis, reversibility, orientation.

 

• Electrophillic and free radicals addition: Reactions at carbon-carbon, double bond, electrophile, hydrogenation, heat of hydrogenation and stability of alkenes, markownikoff rule, addition of hydrogen halides, addition of hydrogen bromides, peroxide effect, electrophillic addition, mechanism, rearrangement, absence of hydrogen exchange, orientation and reactivity, addition of halogen, mechanism, halohydin formation, mechanism of free radicals additon, mechanism of peroxide initiated addition of hydrogen bromide, orientation of free addition, additions of carbene to alkene, cyclo addition reactions.

 

• Carbon-carbon double bond as substituents: Free radical halogenations of alkenes, comparision of free radical substitution with free radical addition, free radical substitution in alkenes, orientation and reactivity, allylic rearrangements.

 

• Theory of resonance: Allyl radical as a resonance hybrid, stability, orbital picture, resonance stabilisation of allyl radicals, hyper conjugation, allyl cation as a resonance hybrid, nucleophyllic substitution in allylic substrate, SN1 reactivity, allylic rearrangement, resonance stabilisation of allyl cation, hyper conjugation, nucleophilic substitution in allylic substrate, SN2 nucleophilic substituion in vinylic substrate, vinylic cation, stability of conjugated dienes, resonance in alkenes, hyper conjugation, ease of formation of conjugated dienes, orientation of elimination, electrophilic addition to conjugated dienes, 1,4- addition, 1,2-versus 1,4-addition, rate versus equilibrium, orientation and reactivity of free radical addition to conjugated dienes.

 

• Elecrophilic aromatic substitution: Effect of substituent groups, determination of orientation, determination of relative reactivity, classification of substituent group, mechanism of nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, friedel craft alkylation, friedel craft acylation, reactivity and orientation, activating and deactivating O,P,M directing groups, electron release via resonance, effect of halogen on electrophilic aromatic substitution in alkyl benzene, side chain halogination of alkyl benzene, resonance stabilization of benzyl radical.

 

• Nucleophilic addition reaction: Mechanism, ionisation of carboxylic acids, acidity constants, acidity of acids, structure of carboxylate ions, effect of substituent on acidity, nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, conversion of acid to acid chloride, esters, amide and anhydride. Role of caboxyl group, comparison of alkyl nucleophilic substitution with acyl nucleophilic substitution.

 

• Mechanism of aldol condensation, claisen condensation, cannizzaro reaction, crossed aldol condensation, crossed cannizzaro reaction, benzoin condensation, perkin condensation. Knoevenagel, Reformatsky reaction, Wittig reaction, Michael addition.

 

• Hoffman rearrangement: Migration to electron deficient nitrogen, Sandmeyer’s reaction, basicity of amines, diazotisation and coupling, acidity of phenols, Williamson synthesis, Fries rearrangement, Kolbe reaction, Reimer tieman’s reactions.

 

• Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: Bimolecular displacement mechanisms, orientation, comparison of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution with that of aromatic.

 

• Oxidation reduction reaction.

 

• Study of the following official compounds- preparation, test for purity, assay and medicinal uses of Chlorbutol, Dimercaprol, Glyceryl trinitrate, Urea, Ethylene diamine dihyrate, Vanillin, Paraldehyde, Ethylene chloride, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl salicylate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, dimethyl pthalate, sodium lauryl sulphate, saccharin sodium, mephensin.

 

 

27

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

 

(T0810010) PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (PRACTICAL)

 

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

 

1. Introduction to the various laboratory techniques through demonstration involving synthesis of the following compounds (at least 8 compounds to be synthesised):

 

1. Acetanilde / aspirin (Acetylation)
2. Benzanilide / Phenyl benzoate (Benzoylation)
3. P-bromo acetanilide / 2,4,6 – tribromo aniline (Bromination)

 

4. Dibenzylidene acetone (Condensation)
5. 1-Phenylazo-2-napthol (Diazotisation and coupling)
6. Benzoic acid / salicylic acid (Hydrolysis of ester)
7. M-dinitro benzene (Nitration)

 

8. 9, 10 – Antharaquinone (Oxidation of anthracene) / preparation of benzoic acid from toluene or benzaldehyde
9. M-phenylene diamine (Reduction of M-dinitrobenzene) / Aniline from nitrobenzene
10. Benzophenone oxime
11. Nitration of salicylic acid
12. Preparation of picric acid
13. Preparation of O-chlorobenzoic acid from O-chlorotolune
14. Preparation of cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol

 

1. Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following classes by :

 

 

Systematic qualitative organic analysis including preparation of derivatives Phenols, amides, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehyde and ketones, Alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, anilides, nitrocompounds.

 

III. Introduction to the use of stereo models:

 

Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, Acetylene, Cis alkene, Trans alkene, inversion of configuration.

 

Scheme of Practical Examination:

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiment	10	25
Minor Experiment	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

Note : Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

 

(T0810005) PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

 

Theory : 2 Hrs. /Week

 

1. Scope and objectives: This course mainly deals with fundamentals of Analytical chemistry and also the study of inorganic pharmaceuticals regarding their monographs and also the course deals with basic knowledge of analysis of various pharmaceuticals.

 

2. Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:

 

1. under stand the principles and procedures of analysis of drugs and also regarding the application of inorganic pharmaceuticals;

 

1. know the analysis of the inorganic pharmaceuticals their applications; and
2. appreciate the importance of inorganic pharmaceuticals in preventing and curing the disease.

 

3. Course materials: Text books
   1. A text book Inorganic medicinal chemistry by Surendra N. Pandeya

 

1. H. Beckett and J. B. Stanlake’s Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry Vol-I & Vol-II
2. Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry III-Edition P.Gundu Rao

 

 

References

 

1. Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Anand & Chetwal
2. Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry by Dr.B.G.Nagavi
3. Analytical chemistry principles by John H. Kennedy
4. I.P.1985 and 1996, Govt. of India, Ministry of health

 

4. Lecture wise programme:

 

Topics

1   Errors

2   Volumetric analysis

3   Acid-base titrations

4   Redox titrations

5   Non aqueous titrations

6   Precipitation titrations

7   Complexometric titrations

• Theory of indicators
• Gravimetry
• Limit tests

 

• Medicinal gases
• Acidifiers
• Antacids
• Cathartics
• Electrolyte replenishers
• Essential Trace elements
• Antimicrobials
• Pharmaceutical aids
• Dental Products

 

• Miscellaneous compounds
• Radio Pharmaceuticals

 

29

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

 

(T0810011) PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (PRACTICAL)

 

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

 

1. Limit test (6 exercises)
   1. Limit test for chlorides
   2. Limit test for sulphates
   3. Limit test for iron
   4. Limit test for heavy metals
   5. Limit test for arsenic

 

1. Modified limit tests for chlorides and sulphates

 

2. Assays (10 exercises)
   1. Ammonium chloride- Acid-base titration
   2. Ferrous sulphate- Cerimetry
   3. Copper sulpahte- Iodometry
   4. Calcilugluconate- Complexometry
   5. Hydrogen peroxide – Permanganometry
   6. Sodium benzoate – Nonaqueous titration
   7. Sodium chloride – Modified volhard’s method
   8. Assay of KI – KIO₃ titration
   9. Gravimetric estimation of barium as barium sulphate

 

1. Sodium antimony gluconate or antimony potassium tartarate

 

3. Estimation of mixture (Any two exercises)
   1. Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate
   2. Boric acid and Borax
   3. Oxalic acid and sodium oxalate

 

4. Test for identity (Any three exercises)
   1. Sodium bicorbonate
   2. Barium sulphate
   3. Ferrous sulphate
   4. Potassium chloride

 

5. Test for purity (Any two exercises)
   1. Swelling power in Bentonite

 

1. Acid neutralising capacity in aluminium hydroxide gel
2. Ammonium salts in potash alum
3. Adsorption power heavy Kaolin
4. Presence of Iodates in KI

 

6. Preparations (Any two exercises)
   1. Boric acids

 

1. Potash alum
2. Calcium lactate
3. Magnesium suphate

 

 

30

 

Scheme of Practical Examination :

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiment	10	25
Minor Experiment1&2	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

Note :                                                        Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).

REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS:

 

 

1. Scope and objectives: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subjects deals with the introduction to matrices, determinants, trigonometry, analytical geometry, differential calculus, integral calculus, differential equations, laplace transform.

 

2. Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to : –

 

1. Know Trignometry, Analytical geometry, Matrices, Determinant, Integration, Differential equation, Laplace transform and their applications;
2. solve the problems of different types by applying theory; and
3. appreciate the important applications of mathematics in pharmacy.

 

3. Course materials: Text books
   1. Differential calculus By Shantinarayan
   2. Text book of Mathematics for second year pre-university by Prof.B.M.Sreenivas

 

References:

 

1. Integral calculus By Shanthinarayan
2. Engineering mathematics By B.S.Grewal
3. Trigonometry Part-I By L.Loney

 

4. Lecture wise programme :

 

Topics

 

• Algebra : Determinants, Matrices
• Trigonometry : Sides and angles of a triangle, solution of triangles
• Analytical Geometry :Points, Straight line, circle, parabola

 

• Differential calculus: Limit of a function, Differential calculus, Differentiation of a sum, Product, Quotient Composite, Parametric, exponential, trigonometric and Logarithmic function. Successive differentiation, Leibnitz’s theorem, Partial differentiation, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions of two variables

 

• Integral Calculus: Definite integrals, integration by substitution and by parts, Properties of definite integrals.

 

• Differential equations: Definition, order, degree, variable separable, homogeneous, Linear, heterogeneous, linear, differential equation with constant coefficient, simultaneous linear equation of second order.

 

• Laplace transform: Definition, Laplace transform of elementary functions, Properties of linearity and shifting.

 

 

 

 

32

 

BIOLOGY :

 

1. Scope and objectives: This is an introductory course in Biology, which gives detailed study of natural sources such as plant and animal origin. This subject has been introduces to the pharmacy course in order to make the student aware of various naturally occurring drugs and its history, sources, classification, distribution and the characters of the plants and animals. This subject gives basic foundation to Pharmacognosy.

 

2. Course materials: Text books
   1. Text book of Biology by S.B.Gokhale
   2. A Text book of Biology by Dr.Thulajappa and Dr. Seetaram.

 

 

References:

 

1. A Text book of Biology by B.V.Sreenivasa Naidu

 

1. A Text book of Biology by Naidu and Murthy
2. Botany for Degree students By A.C.Dutta.
3. Outlines of Zoology by M.Ekambaranatha ayyer and T.N.Ananthakrishnan.
4. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B.Gokhale and C.K.Kokate.

 

3. Lecture wise programme :

 

Topic

PART – A

 

01   Introduction

• General organization of plants and its inclusions

 

• Plant tissues
• Plant kingdom and its classification
• Morphology of plants
• Root, Stem, Leaf and Its modifications
• Inflorescence and Pollination of flowers
• Morphology of fruits and seeds
• Plant physiology

 

• Taxonomy of Leguminosae, umbelliferae, Solanaceae, Lilliaceae, Zinziberaceae, Rubiaceae
• Study of Fungi, Yeast, Penicillin and Bacteria

 

PART-B

 

• Study of Animal cell
• Study animal tissues

 

• Detailed study of frog
• Study of Pisces, Raptiles, Aves
• Genearal organization of mammals
• Study of poisonous animals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

 

Pharm.D – I YEAR

(T0810012) BIOLOGY (PRACTICAL)

 

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

 

Title:

 

 

1. Introduction of biology experiments
2. Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions
3. Study of Stem modifications
4. Study of Root modifications
5. Study of Leaf modifications

 

6. Identification of Fruits and seeds
7. Preparation of Permanent slides
8. S. of Senna, Cassia, Ephedra, Podophyllum.
9. Simple plant physiological experiments
10. Identification of animals
11. Detailed study of Frog
12. Computer based tutorials

 

Scheme of Practical Examination :

 

	Sessionals	Annual
Identification	04	10
Synopsis	04	10
Major Experiment	07	20
Minor Experiment	03	15
Viva	02	15
Max Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

 

 

Note:   Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance.

GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY
FINAL KEY
Question Number: 1
Which state cabinet has announced to increase the financial assistance given to the
families of martyrs from Rs. 25 lakh to Rs. 1 crore?
Maharashtra
Question Number: 2
Which among the following cricketers has been inducted to ICC Hall of Fame?
Sachin Tendulkar
Question Number: 3
In which state were the highest number of beneficiaries reported under the Pradhan
MantriShram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM- SYM) scheme?
Haryana
Question Number: 4
The World Bank Group announced its first female Managing Director on Friday- an
Indian national. Her name is _______________________?
Anshula Kant
Question Number: 5
Foundation stone of Baba Guru Nanak International University has been kept in which
country?
Pakistan
Question Number: 6
Who has been appointed as an International Judge of the Singapore International
Commercial Court in July 2019?
A K Sikri
Question Number: 7
Which place in Italy added to UNESCO Heritage list recently?
Prosecco
Question Number: 8
The World Health Organization has declared which country as measles free?
Sri Lanka
Question Number: 9 (Geography)
Consider the following statementsa. The Godavari Arch Bridge is the latest of the five bridges that span the Godavari
River at Rajahmundry.
b. The bridge is located in two channels, the Kovvur channel and the Rajahmundry
channel, and hence the bridge is also known as the Kovvur-Rajahmundry Bridge.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?
Only b
Question Number: 10
Consider the following statementsa. The Prakasam Barrage was conceptualised by Major Captain Lake of the East
India Company.
b. The Prakasam Barrage is located in the Vijayawada in the Krishna District of
Andhra Pradesh.
c. Prakasam Barrage is built across the River Krishna connecting Guntur and Krishna
districts.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Both b and c
Question Number: 11
Which of the following statement is incorrect about Kakinadaa. It is the second most populated city of East Godavari district.
b. The Indian Standard Time (IST) passes through this city.
c. The city was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a
smart city under PM Narendra Modi’s flagship, Smart Cities Mission.
None of above
Question Number: 12
Which of the following river is known as “Sorrow of Nandyal”?
Kundu
Question Number: 13
Consider the following statements in respect of „Yaganti Temple‟-
a. Yaganti is located in the Kurnool District in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
b. The three famous caves situated around the temple are the Agastya Cave, the
Venkateswara Cave and the VeeraBrahmam Cave.
c. The Nandi (Bullock, Lord Shiva‟s) idol in front of the temple is continuously
increasing its size.
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
None of above
Question Number: 14
Which of the following city is known as „The City of Destiny‟?
Visakhapatnam
Question Number: 15
Consider the following statements about „Tirupati‟-
a. Tirupati is located at 13.65°N 79.42°E in the Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.
b. The city is also referred to as the “Spiritual Capital of Andhra Pradesh”.
c. For the year 2012–13, India’s Ministry of Tourism named Tirupati as the “Best
Heritage City”.
Which of the statements are correct?
All of above
Question Number: 16
President Ram NathKovind has appointed AnusuiyaUikey as Governor of _____________.
Chhattisgarh
17 Communicated Information can be termed as
Message
18 Department of Culture set up a Committee in the year ____under the chairmanship of
_____for the formulation of a National Policy for a Library and Information System.
1984, D.P. Chattophadhyya
19 Information is piecemeal, ______ particular; while knowledge is _____and coherent
fragmented,structured
20 Which type of IPR protects the rights of cine film producers?
Copy right
21 In which year The Indian Copyright Act was amended first time?
1983
22 _________ of the constitution protects the right to free speech and expression irrespective
of the medium of communication.
Article 19
23 Under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting which body regulates the public
exhibitions of films in India
Central Board of Film Certification
24 Which is incorrect in the context of Right to information means
Obtained security information
25 In Andhra Pradesh Public Library Movement, name of Paturi Naga Bhushanam is a
pioneer in conducting
boat Library Service
26 The Andhra Pradesh Public Library Act,1960 has the provision of
ZillaGrandhalayaSamsthas
27 An ISSN is a _____digits code for publications.
8
28 S.M.Ganguly-IASLIC Award has been instituted for
Librarian of the year
29 It is a plastic ribbon, usually half a inch wide that is coated on one side with an iron
oxide material which can be magnetized. Identify this storage device
Magnetic tape
30 Software is a collection of programmes which allows to communicate ______.
Hardware
31 The web server maintains information in the ________which have all the text marked
with _________tags.
Webpages,HTML
33 Among the following groups, which is group is most reliable for primary source of
information?
(Information Sources)
Patents,standards,thesis,journal
34 Abstract which not only describes the content of the work but also evaluates the work
and its presentation is called
Critical abstract
35 Match the following:
a)Survey of the primary literature
b)Organized list of primary or other sources relating to a given subject(s) or person
c)Comprehensive compilation on a subject
d)Focuses on developing understanding about the subject
I Treatise
II Text book
III Bibliography
IV Review
a-IV.b-III,c-I,d-II
36 Information Literacy means
Skill of defining, locating and accessing information
37 Andhra DesaGranthaBhandagaraSanghom is the first
library association in India
38 Dictionary which gives the history of words and their origin referred as
Etymological dictionary
39 Among the following which product qualifies for ISBN?
Books
40 World of Learning includes information about
Universities, Colleges, Libraries, Museums, Archives, Research Institutes and Learned
societies
32
It accesses webpages and displays them on the computer screen
Web browser
41 Match the first edition of encyclopedia with the publication year
a)Encyclopaedia Britannica I 1858
b)Encyclopaedia Americana II1977
c)Chamber‟s Encyclopaedia III 1771
d) Random House Encyclopaedia IV 1829
a-III,b-IV,c-I,d-II
42 Manorama Yearbook is an Indian annual published by
Malayala Manorama
43 e-journals are usually published on
Internet
A communication channel
44 The difference between the mean of a sample and the mean of the population is known as
the:
Sampling error
45 Find out the median of the following set of numbers:
{11,22,33,55,66,99}
44
46. „The Hindu‟ daily news paper was founded in the year
1878
47. According to ____________, printing of names and addresses of printers, editors and
publishers was mandatory.
First Press Regulations
48. Which film industry is sometimes referred as „Tollywood‟?
Telugu
49. News reporters attached with security forces are called
Embedded reporters
50. „Ticker‟ is related to
Television
51. „Anchor story‟ is related to
Print media
52. _________ is a structured sequence of events in time.
Narrative
53. Which is a low-priced book having cheaper, flexible covers and pages?
Paperbook
54. Dealing with legislators and government officials to promote or defeat legislation
and regulation is called
Lobbying
55. “Tamasha” performance belongs to which state
Maharashtra
56. TV Channels dedicated to the subjects of home, garden and family :
Lifestyle channels
57. A __________is a member of a group or an individual who is affected or is affected
by the success of an organization.
Stakeholder
Question Number: 58
Atoms are composed ofElectrons and nuclei
Question Number: 59
What is a homepage?
A web site’s main page
Question Number: 60
The strategy of „Divide and Rule‟ was adopted byLord Curzon
Question Number: 61
Indian National Flag designer „PingaliVenkayya‟ belong to which state?
Andhra Pradesh
Question Number: 62
Fundamental Rights Resolution was adopted inKarachi session of Indian National Congress
Question Number: 63
Untouchability is an offenceAccording to the constitution and is punishable in accordance with law
Question Number: 64
Who characterizes Indian union as “a federation with a centralizing tendency”?
Ivor Jennings
Question Number: 65
The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on __________ and last meeting on
_________.
December 9, 1946 and January 24, 1950.
Question Number: 66
The sum of 15% of a positive number and 10% of the same number is 70. What is twice of
that?
560
Question Number: 67
The average of four consecutive numbers A, B, C and D respectively is 56.5. What is the
product of A and C?
3135
Question Number: 68
A thermometer is to temperature as a compass is toDirection
Question Number: 69
Find the same relationship from given
Chef: Restaurant
Teacher: School
70. Values underlying Social Work profession are
All the above
Q.71. Horse gram is known in Telugu as
Ulavalu
Q.72. The ICDS is the flagship programme of which ministry under the government?
Ministry of Women and Child Developmen
Q.73. Which of the following is a non-projected aid?
Pictograph
Q.74. The main objective of the first five year plan was:
Agriculture and irrigation
Q.75. Which of the following is the nodal institute for all State Institutes of Rural
Development?
National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
Q.76. It was one of the first community radios started in 2008 and managed by a team
of dalitwomen:
Radio Sangham in Medak District
Q.77. Which of the following is a project floated under the National e-Governance
Programme under mission mode?
e-Panchayat
78. Retrogradation of starch is the prominent factor bringing about:
Staleness
79) Which of the following has anti-infective property?
Colostrum
80) The term undernutrition comprises which of the following:
i. Protein energy malnutrition
ii. Micronutrient deficiency
iii. Stunting
iv. Overweight
v. Wasting
vi. Obesity
Tick mark the correct option:
i,ii,iii,v
81. HDI (Human Development Index) Rank of AP in 2017 was :
27th
82. W. Nordhous and ________ won 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics
Paul Romer
83. Theme of Asia Pacific Summit addresses interdependence, mutual prosperity and
Universal values
84. One of the following is not a crypto currency :
Yen
85. Integration of 11 types of agricultural schemes is called :
Krishnonnati yojana
86. “You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women. “Who
said this ?
Jawaharlal Nehru
87. Gross National Happiness ( GNH) was adopted by :
Bhutan
88. What is the name of India‟s monetary denomination when Sher Shah Suri introduced
it in 1540-45 ?
Rupiya
89. “Small is Beautiful “ is a book written by :
Schumacher
90. “ The Coming China Wars “ is a book written by :
Peter Novarro
91. Bank Note Press (BNP) is located at :
Dewas
92. A project providing time- bound skill upgradation for railway employees :
Project Saksham
93 . Modern Coach Factory is a third such facility located in :
Rae Bareli
94. The Third Pillar : How Markets and State leave the community behind is a book
written by :
Raghuram Rajan
95. What measure is taken for Life Insecurity ?
Insurance
96. King Fisher Airlines seized its operations from the year
2012
97. Hyundai Motor Company headquarters is in
Seoul
Q98
‘The Nehru Memorial Museum and Library’ is an autonomous institution under
the Ministry of ————–.
Culture
Q99 National Register of Translators is maintained by ______.
National Translation Mission
Q100 What is ICOLC ?
International Coalition of Library Consortia.
Q101
An online search in which all aspects of the records in natural language may be used as sought terms is
known as________
Free text searching
Q102 National Medical Library is located in
Delhi
Q103 Linux is an example of _____________ software .
Operating System
Q104 Who developed ‘Access to libraries for persons with disabilities – checklist ‘ ?
IFLA
Q105 Encapsulation is a term associated with:
Digital preservation
Q
106 The Delivery of Books (Public Libraries) Act was enacted in the year_________.
1954
Q
107 National Library Week is celebrated in India in the month of ____________.
November
Q
108 ‘ Where is the wisdom, we have lost in knowledge ’ is a famous quote by ?
T.S.Eliot
Q109 ‘Technology Preservation’ is also referred to as:
Computer Museum
Q110 The value of the variable having maximum frequency is known as:
Mode
111. INB stands for
Indian National Bibliography
112. A study preceeding the main study to check the viability is known as:
Pilot study
113. Term used for large volume of high velocity, complex and variable data is:
Big data
114. What is MBO?
Management by Objectives
115. Which of the following is not associated with a virtual library:
With distributed physical locations
116. Information for All Programme (IFAP) was launched by
UNESCO
117. Method of assessing information needs of user community is known as
User studies
118. Mean, Mode and Median are called________
Measures of central tendency
119. The whole group from which the units of sample are selected is called:
Universe
120. According to hierarchy needs theory, which one of the following needs is the
highest in the hierarchy?
Self-actualization
121. Personal computer falls in the category of
Micro computer
122. A machined readable code consisting of vertical bars of varying widths to
represent data is known as
Bar code
123. A pictorial representation of sequence of steps of computation for a problem is
known as
Flowchart
124. An assumption or proposition whose validity is to be tested is known as
Hypothesis
125. Directing the user to appropriate sources of information available elsewhere is known as
Referral
126. National Science Library is located in
NISCAIR, New Delhi
127. FAIFE stands for
Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression
128. What is maximum number of characters you can use while writing a message on
twitter?
280
Question Number: 129
Which of the following countries was admitted as the full time member of the ICC?
Ireland
130. Which of the following drama was translated by Madhusudan Dutt in English?

Neel Darpan
131. Who of the following from Andhra Pradesh was the first Indian woman to win an
individual medal in the Olympics?
KarnamMalleswari
132. Which of the following is a part of Union Territory located in Andhra Pradesh?
Yanam

Q133 Who wrote “Modernization of Indian Tradition”?
Yogendra Singh
Q134 „My Experiment with truth‟ is written by—
M.K.Gandhi
Q135 Multiple choice Questions makes us use of which form of retrieval of memory:
Recognition
Question Number: 136
The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?
19
Q137. Who declared 1990 as “Year of the girl Child”. ?
SAARC
Q138. The Environment Protection Act was executed in India in the year
1986
Question Number: 139
One year ago Jaya was four times as old as her daughter Nikitha. Six years hence, Mrs.Jaya’s age will
exceed her daughter’s age by 9 years. The ratio of the present ages of Jaya and her daughter is:
13: 4
Q140 Which of the following agency regulates education?
State
Q141
According to 2011 Census Reports, the difference between literacy rates of men and women in India
was about:
17%
Q142 The policy recommended by the Kothari Commission Vis-à-vis language is :
Three language formula
Q143. The First Open University in India was established in the year :
1982
Question Number: 144.
Find the next term in the given series.
198,194,185,169,?
144
Q.145. Maxim Gorky’s novel ‘The Mother” was translated into Telugu by
Krovvidi Lingaraju
Q.146.Who was the first editor of “Andhra Patrika”?
Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao
Q.147.The International Telugu institute was established in the year
1975
Q.148. If BAG = 71, then VICE=?
69
Q.149. 24:84::______:21
6

Q.150. What according to Census 2011, is the Sex ratio in India ?
943