Syllabus

B.Pharm, M.Pharm Syllabus of various universities in India

B. Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus – PDF B Pharm Second Year 5 + 6 Semester

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B. Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus - PDF B Pharm Second Year 5 + 6 Semester

B. Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects and Syllabus

According to reports every year millions of students are joining B. Pharmacy to study Pharmacy as this is one of the finest education degrees. In the 3rd year of B. Pharm degree, every candidate shall be required to work for at least 150 hours spread over four weeks in a Pharmaceutical Industry/Hospital. It includes Production unit, Quality Control department, Quality Assurance department, Analytical laboratory, Chemical manufacturing unit, Pharmaceutical R&D, Hospital (Clinical Pharmacy), Clinical Research Organization, Community Pharmacy, etc. In between the Semester 6 and Semester 7 one shall submit a satisfactory report of such work and certificate duly signed by the authority of training organization to the head of the institute. Hence, let us also get acquainted with some terms related to the Pharmacy profession.

In the Pharmaceutical Industry, pharmacists are employed in manufacturing, product development, research, quality control, quality assurance, marketing, sales and administration. Community/Retail Pharmacy encompasses the practice of pharmacy in community settings or retail outlets. Pharmacists, (themselves become the owner of their own pharmacies) are actively educate patients, maintain and monitor drug records and ensure information resource of the highest calibre. Regulatory Bodies control and regulate medicines for the Drug and Pharmaceutical industry. At the federal or provincial level, posts like drug inspectors, drug controllers, and pharmacist/chief pharmacists at drug testing laboratories and Commissioned officers in Armed Forces are deployed.

The curriculum of the B. Pharm 3rd year is as follows:

B pharm Subjects for 3rd year (Semester 5)

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II 45 100    
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACOLOGY-II 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE 45 100    
   
Total marks 650

 

 

 

 

B pharmacy Syllabus for Semester 5

Subject: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II

Theory
Unit I

Antihistaminic agents: Histamine, receptors and their distribution in the Human body

H1–antagonists: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride*, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamines cuccinate, Clemastine fumarate, Diphenylphyraline hydrochloride, Tripelenamine hydrochloride, Chlorcyclizine hydrochloride, Meclizine hydrochloride, Buclizine hydrochloride, Chlorpheniramine maleate, Triprolidine hydrochloride*, Phenidamine tartarate, Promethazine hydrochloride*, Trimeprazine tartrate, Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Azatidine maleate, Astemizole, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetrazine Cromolyn sodium

H2-antagonists: Cimetidine*, Famotidine, Ranitidin.

Gastric Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole

Anti-neoplastic agents:

Alkylating agents: Meclorethamine*, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Busulfan, Thiotepa

Antimetabolites: Mercaptopurine*, Thioguanine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, Methotrexate*, Azathioprine

Antibiotics: Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin

Plant products: Etoposide, Vinblastin sulphate, Vincristin sulphate

Miscellaneous: Cisplatin, Mitotane

Unit II

Anti-anginal:

Vasodilators: Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerin*, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, Isosorbide dinitrite*, Dipyridamole.

Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil, Bepridil hydrochloride, Diltiazem hydrochloride, Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine.

Diuretics: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide. Thiazides: Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide,

Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid. Potassium sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride. Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol

Anti-hypertensive Agents: Timolol, Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Benazepril

hydrochloride, Quinapril hydrochloride, Methyldopate hydrochloride,* Clonidine

hydrochloride, Guanethidine monosulphate, Guanabenz acetate, Sodium nitroprusside, Diazoxide,Minoxidil, Reserpine, Hydralazine hydrochloride.

Unit III

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine sulphate, Procainamide hydrochloride, Disopyramide phosphate*, Phenytoin sodium, Lidocaine hydrochloride, Tocainide hydrochloride, Mexiletine hydrochloride, Lorcainide hydrochloride,

Amiodarone, Sotalol.

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents: Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol

Coagulant & Anticoagulants: Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin*, Anisindione, clopidogrel

Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure: Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide, Bosentan, Tezosentan.

Unit IV

Drugs acting on Endocrine system

Nomenclature, Stereochemistry and metabolism of steroids

Sex hormones: Testosterone, Nandralone, Progestrones, Oestriol, Oestradiol, Oestrione, Diethyl stilbestrol.

Drugs for erectile dysfunction: Sildenafil, Tadalafil.

Oral contraceptives: Mifepristone, Norgestril, Levonorgestrol

Corticosteroids: Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone

Thyroid and antithyroid drugs: L-Thyroxine, L-Thyronine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole.

Unit V

Antidiabetic agents:

Insulin and its preparations

Sulfonyl ureas: Tolbutamide*, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glimepiride. Biguanides: Metformin.

Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone.

Meglitinides: Repaglinide, Nateglinide.

Glucosidase inhibitors: Acrabose, Voglibose.

Local Anesthetics: SAR of Local anesthetics

Benzoic Acid derivatives; Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine.

Amino Benzoic acid derivatives: Benzocaine*, Butamben, Procaine*, Butacaine,

Propoxycaine, Tetracaine, Benoxinate.

Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives: Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine.

Miscellaneous: Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine.*

 

Subject: INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

Theory Practical
Unit I

Preformulation Studies: Introduction to preformulation, goals and objectives, study of

physicochemical characteristics of drug substances.

a. Physical properties: Physical form (crystal & amorphous), particle size, shape, flow

properties, solubility profile (pKa, pH, partition coefficient), polymorphism

b. Chemical Properties: Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization

BCS classification of drugs & its significant

Application of preformulation considerations in the development of solid, liquid oral and

parenteral dosage forms and its impact on stability of dosage forms.

Unit II

Tablets:

a. Introduction, ideal characteristics of tablets, classification of tablets. Excipients, Formulation of tablets, granulation methods, compression and processing problems.

Equipments and tablet tooling.

b. Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials, formulation of coating composition, methods of coating, equipment employed and defects in coating.

c. Quality control tests: In process and finished product tests

Liquid orals: Formulation and manufacturing consideration of syrups and elixirs suspensions and emulsions; Filling and packaging; evaluation of liquid orals official in pharmacopoeia

Unit III

Capsules:

a. Hard gelatin capsules: Introduction, Production of hard gelatin capsule shells. Size of capsules, Filling, finishing and special techniques of formulation of hard gelatine capsules, manufacturing defects. In process and final product quality control tests for capsules.

b. Soft gelatin capsules: Nature of shell and capsule content, size of capsules,importance of base adsorption and minim/gram factors, production, in process and final product quality control tests. Packing, storage and stability testing of soft gelatin capsules and their applications.

Pellets: Introduction, formulation requirements, pelletization process, equipments for manufacture of pellets

Unit IV

Parenteral Products:

a. Definition, types, advantages and limitations. Preformulation factors and essential equirements, vehicles, additives, importance of isotonicity

b. Production procedure, production facilities and controls, aseptic processing

c. Formulation of injections, sterile powders, large volume parenterals and lyophilized products.

d. Containers and closures selection, filling and sealing of ampoules, vials and infusion fluids. Quality control tests of parenteral products.

Ophthalmic Preparations: Introduction, formulation considerations; formulation of eye

drops, eye ointments and eye lotions; methods of preparation; labeling, containers; evaluation of ophthalmic preparations

Unit V

Cosmetics: Formulation and preparation of the following cosmetic preparations: lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream and vanishing cream, tooth pastes, hair dyes and sunscreens.

Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Definition, propellants, containers, valves, types of aerosol systems; formulation and manufacture of aerosols; Evaluation of aerosols; Quality control and stability studies.

Packaging Materials Science: Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and official requirements for containers, stability aspects of packaging materials, quality control tests.

 1. Preformulation studies on paracetamol/asparin/or any other drug

 

2. Preparation and evaluation of Paracetamol tablets

 

3. Preparation and evaluation of Aspirin tablets

 

4. Coating of tablets- film coating of tables/granules

 

5. Preparation and evaluation of Tetracycline capsules

 

6. Preparation of Calcium Gluconate injection

 

7. Preparation of Ascorbic Acid injection

 

8. Qulaity control test of (as per IP) marketed tablets and capsules

 

9. Preparation of Eye drops/ and Eye ointments

 

10. Preparation of Creams (cold / vanishing cream)

 

11. Evaluation of Glass containers (as per IP)

]’]999 

Subject: PHARMACOLOGY-II

Theory Practical
Unit I

1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system

a. Introduction to hemodynamic and electrophysiology of heart.

b. Drugs used in congestive heart failure

c. Anti-hypertensive drugs.

d. Anti-anginal drugs.

e. Anti-arrhythmic drugs.

f. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs.

Unit II

1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system

a. Drug used in the therapy of shock.

b. Hematinics, coagulants and anticoagulants.

c. Fibrinolytics and anti-platelet drugs

d. Plasma volume expanders

2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on urinary system

a. Diuretics

b. Anti-diuretics.

Unit III

3. Autocoids and related drugs

a. Introduction to autacoids and classification

b. Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists.

c. Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes.

d. Angiotensin, Bradykinin and Substance P.

e. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

f. Anti-gout drugs

g. Antirheumatic drugs

Unit IV

5. Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system

a. Basic concepts in endocrine pharmacology.

b. Anterior Pituitary hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.

c. Thyroid hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.

d. Hormones regulating plasma calcium level- Parathormone, Calcitonin and

Vitamin-D.

d. Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemic agents and glucagon.

e. ACTH and corticosteroids.

Unit V

5. Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system

a. Androgens and Anabolic steroids.

b. Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives.

c. Drugs acting on the uterus.

6. Bioassay

a. Principles and applications of bioassay.

b. Types of bioassay

c. Bioassay of insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH, d-tubocurarine, digitalis, histamine and 5-HT.

 1. Introduction to in-vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solutions.

 

2. Effect of drugs on isolated frog heart.

 

3. Effect of drugs on blood pressure and heart rate of dog.

 

4. Study of diuretic activity of drugs using rats/mice.

 

5. DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis muscle.

 

6. Effect of physostigmine and atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis muscle and rat ileum respectively.

 

 

7. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching method.

 

8. Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method.

 

9. Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay.

 

10. Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum/colon by four point bioassay.

 

11. Determination of PA2 value of prazosin using rat anococcygeus muscle (by Schilds plot method).

 

12. Determination of PD2 value using guinea pig ileum.

 

13. Effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum.

 

14. Anti-inflammatory activity of drugs using carrageenan induced paw-edema model.

 

15. Analgesic activity of drug using central and peripheral methods

 

Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated

experiments by softwares and videos

 

Subject: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II

Theory Practical
Unit I

Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination

a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites

through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.

b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.

Unit II

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic

uses and commercial applications of following

secondary metabolites:

Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium,

Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta

Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis

Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander

Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus

Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony

Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond

Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids

Unit III

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents

a) Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin

b) Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin

c) Alkaloids: Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Caffeine

d) Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin

Unit IV

Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine

Unit V

Basics of Phytochemistry

Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy,

chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude

drugs

 1. Morphology, histology and powder characteristics & extraction & detection of:

Cinchona, Cinnamon, Senna, Clove, Ephedra, Fennel and Coriander

 

 

2. Exercise involving isolation & detection of active principles

a. Caffeine – from tea dust.

b. Diosgenin from Dioscorea

c. Atropine from Belladonna

d. Sennosides from Senna

 

3. Separation of sugars by Paper chromatography

4. TLC of herbal extract

 

5. Distillation of volatile oils and detection of phytoconstitutents by TLC

 

6. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i) Asafoetida (ii) Benzoin (iii)

Colophony (iv) Aloes (v) Myrrh

 

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE

Theory
Unit I

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945:

Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the Act and Rules

Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit. Offences and penalties.

Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs,

Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs,

Manufacture of drugs for test, examination and analysis, manufacture of new drug, loan

license and repacking license.

Unit II

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945.

Detailed study of Schedule G, H, M, N, P,T,U, V, X, Y, Part XII B, Sch F & DMR (OA)

Sale of Drugs – Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license. Offences and penalties

Labeling & Packing of drugs- General labeling requirements and specimen labels for

drugs and cosmetics, List of permitted colors. Offences and penalties.

Administration of the Act and Rules – Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central drugs

Laboratory, Drugs Consultative Committee, Government drug analysts, Licensing

authorities, controlling authorities, Drugs Inspectors

Unit III

· Pharmacy Act –1948: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its

constitution and functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy

councils; constitution and functions, Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties

· Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act –1955: Objectives, Definitions, Licensing,

Manufacture In bond and Outside bond, Export of alcoholic preparations,

Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent & Proprietary Preparations. Offences and Penalties.

· Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act-1985 and Rules: Objectives,

Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic &

Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug

Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, opium poppy cultivation and production

of poppy straw, manufacture, sale and export of opium, Offences and Penalties

Unit IV

· Study of Salient Features of Drugs and Magic Remedies Act and its

rules: Objectives, Definitions, Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of

Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties

· Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act-1960: Objectives, Definitions, Institutional

Animal Ethics Committee, CPCSEA guidelines for Breeding and Stocking of

Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and acquisition of animals for

experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties

· National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO)-

2013. Objectives, Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations,

Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations, National List of Essential

Medicines (NLEM)

Unit V

· Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review, Introduction, Study of drugs enquiry

committee, Health survey and development committee, Hathi committee and Mudaliar committee

· Code of Pharmaceutical ethics D efinition, Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade,

medical profession and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath

· Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act

· Right to Information Act

· Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

 

 

 

 

B Pharm Subjects for Semester 6

 

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACOLOGY-III 45 100 4/week 50
HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY 45 100 4/week 50
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS 45 100 – –
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 45 100 – –
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 45 100 – –
   
Total marks 750

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B pharmacy Syllabus for Semester 6

Subject: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – III

Theory Practical
Unit I

Antibiotics

Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical degradation classification and important products of the following classes.

β-Lactam antibiotics: Penicillin, Cepholosporins, β- Lactamase inhibitors,

Monobactams

Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin

Tetracyclines: Tetracycline,Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycyclin

Unit II

Antibiotics

Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical degradation classification and important products of the following classes.

Macrolide: Erythromycin Clarithromycin, Azithromycin.

Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol*, Clindamycin.

Prodrugs: Basic concepts and application of prodrugs design.

Antimalarials: Etiology of malaria.

Quinolines: SAR, Quinine sulphate, Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine,

Primaquine phosphate, Pamaquine*, Quinacrine hydrochloride, Mefloquine.

Biguanides and dihydro triazines: Cycloguanil pamoate, Proguanil.

Miscellaneous: Pyrimethamine, Artesunete, Artemether, Atovoquone.

Unit III

Anti-tubercular Agents

Synthetic anti tubercular agents: Isoniozid*, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Para amino salicylic acid.*

Anti tubercular antibiotics: Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Cycloserine Streptomycine, Capreomycin sulphate.

Urinary tract anti-infective agents

Quinolones: SAR of quinolones, Nalidixic Acid,Norfloxacin, Enoxacin, Ciprofloxacin*, Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Miscellaneous: Furazolidine, Nitrofurantoin*, Methanamine.

Antiviral agents:

Amantadine hydrochloride, Rimantadine hydrochloride, Idoxuridine trifluoride, Acyclovir*, Gancyclovir, Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, Lamivudine, Loviride, Delavirding, Ribavirin, Saquinavir, Indinavir,

Ritonavir.

Unit IV

Antifungal agents:

Antifungal antibiotics: Amphotericin-B, Nystatin, Natamycin, Griseofulvin.

Synthetic Antifungal agents: Clotrimazole, Econazole, Butoconazole, Oxiconazole Tioconozole, Miconazole*, Ketoconazole, Terconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Naftifine hydrochloride, Tolnaftate*.

Anti-protozoal Agents: Metronidazole*, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Diloxanide, Iodoquinol, Pentamidine Isethionate, Atovaquone, Eflornithine.

Anthelmintics: Diethylcarbamazine citrate*, Thiabendazole, Mebendazole*,

Albendazole, Niclosamide, Oxamniquine, Praziquantal, Ivermectin.

Sulphonamides and Sulfones

Historical development, chemistry, classification and SAR of Sulfonamides:

Sulphamethizole, Sulfisoxazole, Sulphamethizine, Sulfacetamide*, Sulphapyridine, Sulfamethoxaole*, Sulphadiazine, Mefenide acetate, Sulfasalazine.

Folate reductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim*, Cotrimoxazole.

Sulfones: Dapsone*.

Unit V

Introduction to Drug Design

Various approaches used in drug design.

Physicochemical parameters used in quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) such as partition coefficient, Hammet’s electronic

parameter, Tafts steric parameter and Hansch analysis. Pharmacophore modeling and docking techniques.

Combinatorial Chemistry: Concept and applications chemistry: solid phase and solution phase synthesis.

 I Preparation of drugs and intermediates

1 Sulphanilamide

2 7-Hydroxy, 4-methyl coumarin

3 Chlorobutanol

4 Triphenyl imidazole

5 Tolbutamide

6 Hexamine

 

II Assay of drugs

1 Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

2 Chloroquine

3 Metronidazole

4 Dapsone

5 Chlorpheniramine maleate

6 Benzyl penicillin

 

III Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates by Microwave irradiation technique

 

IV Drawing structures and reactions using chem draw®

 

V Determination of physicochemical properties such as logP, clogP, MR, Molecular weight, Hydrogen bond donors and acceptors for class of drugs course content using drug design software Drug likeliness screening (Lipinskies RO5)

 

B Pharm Subject: PHARMACOLOGY-III

Theory Practical
Unit I

1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Respiratory system

a. Anti -asthmatic drugs

b. Drugs used in the management of COPD

c. Expectorants and antitussives

d. Nasal decongestants

e. Respiratory stimulants

2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract

a. Antiulcer agents.

b. Drugs for constipation and diarrhoea.

c. Appetite stimulants and suppressants.

d. Digestants and carminatives.

e. Emetics and anti-emetics.

Unit II

3. Chemotherapy

a. General principles of chemotherapy.

b. Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole.

c. Antibiotics- Penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolins, tetracycline and aminoglycosides.

Unit III

3. Chemotherapy

a. Antitubercular agents

b. Antileprotic agents

c. Antifungal agents

d. Antiviral drugs

e.Anthelmintics

f. Antimalarial drugs

g. Antiamoebic agents

Unit IV

3. Chemotherapy

l. Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

m. Chemotherapy of malignancy.

4. Immunopharmacology

a. Immunostimulants

b. Immunosuppressant

Protein drugs, monoclonal antibodies, target drugs to antigen, biosimilars

Unit V

5. Principles of toxicology

a. Definition and basic knowledge of acute, subacute and chronic toxicity.

b. Definition and basic knowledge of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity

c. General principles of treatment of poisoning

d. Clinical symptoms and management of barbiturates, morphine, organophosphosphorus compound and lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning.

6. Chronopharmacology

a. Definition of rhythm and cycles.

b. Biological clock and their significance leading to chronotherapy.

 1. Dose calculation in pharmacological experiments

 

2. Antiallergic activity by mast cell stabilization assay

 

3. Study of anti-ulcer activity of a drug using pylorus ligand (SHAY) rat model and NSAIDS induced ulcer model.

 

4. Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility

 

5. Effect of agonist and antagonists on guinea pig ileum

 

6. Estimation of serum biochemical parameters by using semi- auto analyser

 

7. Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine

 

8. Insulin hypoglycemic effect in rabbit

 

9. Test for pyrogens ( rabbit method)

 

10. Determination of acute oral toxicity (LD50) of a drug from a given data

 

11. Determination of acute skin irritation / corrosion of a test substance

 

12. Determination of acute eye irritation / corrosion of a test substance

 

13. Calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters from a given data

 

14. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology( student’s t test, ANOVA)

 

 

15. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology (Chi square test, Wilcoxon

Signed Rank test)

 

*Experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments/videos

 

 

Subject: HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY

Theory Practical
Unit I

Herbs as raw materials

Definition of herb, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation.

Source of Herbs

Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials.

Processing of herbal raw material

Biodynamic Agriculture

Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants including Organic farming.

Pest and Pest management in medicinal plants: Biopesticides/Bioinsecticides.

Indian Systems of Medicine

a) Basic principles involved in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy.

b) Preparation and standardization of Ayurvedic formulations viz Aristas and Asawas, Ghutika,Churna, Lehya and Bhasma.

Unit II

Nutraceuticals

General aspects, Market, growth, scope and types of products available in the market. Health benefits and role of Nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, CVS diseases, Cancer, Irritable bowel syndrome and various Gastro intestinal diseases.

Study of following herbs as health food: Alfaalfa, Chicory, Ginger, Fenugreek, Garlic, Honey, Amla, Ginseng, Ashwagandha, Spirulina

Herbal-Drug and Herb-Food Interactions: General introduction to interaction and classification. Study of following drugs and their possible side effects and interactions:

Hypercium, kava-kava, Ginkobiloba, Ginseng, Garlic, Pepper & Ephedra.

Unit III

Herbal Cosmetics

Sources and description of raw materials of herbal origin used via, fixed oils, waxes, gums colours, perfumes, protective agents, bleaching agents, antioxidants in products such as skincare, hair care and oral hygiene products.

Herbal excipients:

Herbal Excipients – Significance of substances of natural origin as excipients – colorants, sweeteners, binders, diluents, viscosity builders, disintegrants, flavors & perfumes.

Herbal formulations :

Conventional herbal formulations like syrups, mixtures and tablets and Novel dosage forms like phytosomes

Unit IV

Evaluation of Drugs WHO & ICH guidelines for the assessment of herbal drugs. Stability testing of herbal drugs.

Patenting and Regulatory requirements of natural products:

a) Definition of the terms: Patent, IPR, Farmers right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting and Biopiracy

b) Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Natural Products. Case study of Curcuma & Neem.

Regulatory Issues – Regulations in India (ASU DTAB, ASU DCC), Regulation of manufacture of ASU drugs – Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.

Unit V

General Introduction to Herbal Industry

Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.

A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in India.

Schedule T – Good Manufacturing Practice of Indian systems of medicine

Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives

Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipments, standard operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.

 1. To perform preliminary phytochemical screening of crude drugs.

 

2. Determination of the alcohol content of Asava and Arista

 

3. Evaluation of excipients of natural origin

 

4. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in cosmetic formulations like creams, lotions and shampoos and their evaluation.

 

5. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in formulations like syrups, mixtures and tablets and their evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial requirements.

 

6. Monograph analysis of herbal drugs from recent Pharmacopoeias

 

7. Determination of Aldehyde content

 

8. Determination of Phenol content

 

9. Determination of total alkaloids

 

Subject: BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS

Theory
Unit I

Introduction to Bio pharmaceutics

Absorption; Mechanisms of drug absorption through GIT, factors influencing drug absorption though GIT, absorption of drug from Non per oral extra-vascular routes, Distribution Tissue permeability of drugs, binding of drugs, apparent, volume of drug distribution, plasma and tissue protein binding of drugs, factors affecting protein-drug binding. Kinetics of protein binding, Clinical significance of protein binding of drugs

Unit II

Elimination: Drug metabolism and basic understanding metabolic pathways renal excretion of drugs, factors affecting renal excretion of drugs, renal clearance, Non renal routes of drug excretion of drugs

Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Definition and Objectives of bioavailability, absolute and relative bioavailability, measurement of bioavailability, in-vitro drug dissolution models, in-vitro–in-vivo correlations, bioequivalence studies, methods to enhance the dissolution rates and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Unit III

Pharmacokinetics: Definition and introduction to Pharmacokinetics, Compartment models, Non compartment models, physiological models, One compartment open model. (a). Intravenous Injection (Bolus) (b). Intravenous infusion and (c) Extra vascular administrations. Pharmacokinetics parameters – KE ,t1/2,Vd,AUC,Ka, Clt and CLR- definitions methods of eliminations, understanding of their significance and

application

Unit IV

Multicompartment models: Two compartment open model. IV bolus, Kinetics of multiple dosing, steady state drug levels, calculation of loading and maintenance doses and their significance in clinical settings.

Unit V

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: a. Introduction, b. Factors causing Non-linearity. c. Michaelis-menton method of estimating parameters, Explanation with example of drugs.

 

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Theory
Unit I

a) Brief introduction to Biotechnology with reference to Pharmaceutical Sciences.

b) Enzyme Biotechnology- Methods of enzyme immobilization and applications.

c) Biosensors- Working and applications of biosensors in Pharmaceutical Industries.

d) Brief introduction to Protein Engineering.

e) Use of microbes in industry. Production of Enzymes- General consideration –

Amylase, Catalase, Peroxidase, Lipase, Protease, Penicillinase.

f) Basic principles of genetic engineering.

Unit II

a) Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase.

b) Recombinant DNA technology. Application of genetic engineering in medicine.

c) Application of r DNA technology and genetic engineering in the production of:

i) Interferon ii) Vaccines- hepatitis- B iii) Hormones-Insulin.

d) Brief introduction to PCR

Unit III

Types of immunity- humoral immunity, cellular immunity

a) Structure of Immunoglobulins

b) Structure and Function of MHC

c) Hypersensitivity reactions, Immune stimulation and Immune suppressions.

d) General method of the preparation of bacterial vaccines, toxoids, viral vaccine, antitoxins, serum-immune blood derivatives and other products relative to immunity.

e) Storage conditions and stability of official vaccines

f) Hybridoma technology- Production, Purification and Applications

g) Blood products and Plasma Substituties.

Unit IV

a) Immuno blotting techniques- ELISA, Western blotting, Southern blotting.

b) Genetic organization of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

c) Microbial genetics including transformation, transduction, conjugation, plasmids and transposons.

d) Introduction to Microbial biotransformation and applications.

e) Mutation: Types of mutation/mutants.

Unit V

a) Fermentation methods and general requirements, study of media, equipments, sterilization methods, aeration process, stirring.

b) Large scale production fermenter design and its various controls.

c) Study of the production of – penicillins, citric acid, Vitamin B12, Glutamic acid, Griseofulvin,

d) Blood Products: Collection, Processing and Storage of whole human blood, dried human plasma, plasma Substituties.

 

Subject: BP606TPHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE

Theory
Unit I

Quality Assurance and Quality Management concepts: Definition and concept of Quality

control, Quality assurance and GMP

Total Quality Management (TQM): Definition, elements, philosophies

ICH Guidelines: purpose, participants, process of harmonization, Brief overview of QSEM,

with special emphasis on Q-series guidelines, ICH stability testing guidelines

Quality by design (QbD): Definition, overview, elements of QbD program, tools

ISO 9000 & ISO14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, steps for registration

NABL accreditation : Principles and procedures

Unit II

Organization and personnel: Personnel responsibilities, training, hygiene and personal records.

Premises: Design, construction and plant layout, maintenance, sanitation, environmental

control, utilities and maintenance of sterile areas, control of contamination.

Equipments and raw materials: Equipment selection, purchase specifications, maintenance, purchase specifications and maintenance of stores for raw materials.

Unit III

Quality Control: Quality control test for containers, rubber closures and secondary packing

materials.

Good Laboratory Practices: General Provisions, Organization and Personnel, Facilities,

Equipment, Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities

Unit IV

Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling of return good, recalling and waste disposal.

Document maintenance in pharmaceutical industry: Batch Formula Record, Master Formula Record, SOP, Quality audit, Quality Review and Quality documentation, Reports and documents, distribution records.

Unit V

Calibration and Validation: Introduction, definition and general principles of calibration,

qualification and validation, importance and scope of validation, types of validation, validation master plan. Calibration of pH meter, Qualification of UV-Visible spectrophotometer, General principles of Analytical method Validation.

Warehousing: Good warehousing practice, materials management

 

 

Pharmacy market demand

Hospitals: In abroad mostly, the Doctors diagnose but the pharmacists decide the medicines and their dosage. Therefore, Pharmacy graduates have an important role in earning attractive remuneration and to occupy strategic positions.

Production and Manufacturing: Professionals for production and manufacturing are not only required by biotechnological products, surgical dressings, medical devices, equipment, ayurvedic/ homoeopathic / Unani medicines, veterinary medicine, etc but also for the requirement for the production of cosmetics, soaps, toiletries and dental products.

Analysis and Testing: Highly skilled staff is required by companies to handle sensitive analytical dealings and sophisticated equipment. Analysis and testing go hand in hand in order to maintain a proper Quality control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA).

R & D: M. Pharms and Ph.Ds are highly in demand for research of new drugs, process development, formulation, development, clinical trials and Toxicological Studies

Marketing: Sales and marketing are considered to be a highly technical arena and hence one of the best when it comes to perks.

B. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects & Syllabus PDF B Pharm Second Year 3 + 4 Semester

by
B. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects & Syllabus PDF B Pharm Second Year 3 + 4 Semester

B. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects and Syllabus

It’s always good to be knowledgeable about the chosen stream chain. The B. Pharm degree is the basic prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist in many countries. In India, as we came to know that the colleges imparting this educational courses(D. Pharm, B. Pharm, M. Pharm or Pharm. D) has to be approved by Pharmacy Council Of India (PCI) or All Indian Council of Technical Education (AICTE). Similarly, outside India countries those are providing these courses are also affiliated with some universities. Let us check out those and spread the information to the students aspiring for the same.

B. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects & Syllabus PDF B Pharm Second Year 3 + 4 Semester

Apart from the United States, Canadian universities having B. Pharm programs are Dalhousie University, Memorial University of Newfoundland, University of Manitoba and by the University of Saskatchewan. In Australia, all B. Pharm programs are accredited by the New Zealand and Australian Pharmacy Schools Accreditation Committee (NAPSAC). B. Pharm (Rural) program was offered by the University of Sydney (Camperdown/Darlington campus). Hong Kong provides the Bachelor of Pharmacy course offered by the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) under the Faculty of Medicine. The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree in Bangladesh is approved by the Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh (PCB).  In Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, The University of Tromso and Nord University offer the B. Pharm degree. B. Pharm programs in Africa are offered at the National University of Lesotho – Department of Pharmacy, by some Ugandan universities and Kenyan universities too. Many universities in South Africa also accredit B. Pharm programs.

Here we are providing the syllabus of B. Pharm (2nd year). As the lateral entry on the third semester, candidates on completion approved D. Pharmacy course by Pharmacy Council of India can apply accordingly.

B. Pharmacy Subjects for 2nd year (Semester 3)

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II 45 100 4/week 50
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING 45 100 4/week 50
   
Total marks 600

 

 

 

B. Pharm Syllabus for Semester 3 Second Year

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II

Theory Practical
Unit I

· Benzene and its derivatives

A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule

B. Reactions of benzene-nitration, sulphonation, halogenations reactivity,

Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations,

Friedelcrafts acylation.

C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction.

D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine

Unit II

· Phenols* – Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols

· Aromatic Amines* – Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts

· Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.

Unit III

· Fats and Oils

a.Fatty acids – reactions.

b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.

c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value,

Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and

principle involved in their determination.

Unit IV

· Polynuclear hydrocarbons:

a. Synthesis, reactions

b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivative

Unit V

· Cyclo alkanes*

Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only

 I. Experiments involving laboratory techniques

· Recrystallization

· Steam distillation

 

II. Determination of following oil values (including standardization of

reagents)

· Acid value

· Saponification value

· Iodine value

 

III. Preparation of compounds

· Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol

/Aniline by acylation reaction.

· 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/

· Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction.

· 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid /

Nitro benzene by nitration reaction.

· Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.

· Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by

hydrolysis reaction.

· 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling

reactions.

· Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.

· Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction

· Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction

· P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid

 

Subject: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I

Theory Practical
Unit I

Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions,

ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors

influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility

of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions)

Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partiallymiscible liquids, Critical solution temperature and

applications. Distribution law, its limitations and applications

Unit II

States of Matter and properties of matter:State of matter, changes in the state of matter,

latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols

– inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid crystalline,

amorphous & polymorphism.

Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation,

dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications.

Unit III

Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions,

surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient,

adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid interface.

Unit IV

Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation,

Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action,

crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants

Unit V

pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination(electrometric and calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions

 1. Determination the solubility of drug at room temperature

2. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch

equation.

3. Determination of Partition co- efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water

4. Determination of Partition co- efficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water

5. Determination of % composition of NaCl in a solution using phenol-water system by CST method

6. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method

7. Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method

8. Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated charcoal

9. Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants

10. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of PABA-Caffeine complex by solubilitymethod

11. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of Cupric-Glycine complex by pH titration method

 

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Theory Practical
Unit I

Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its

importance.

Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria,

nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical

parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation methods

for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of

bacterial growth (total & viable count).

Study of different types of phase constrast microscopy, dark field

microscopy and electron microscopy.

Unit II

Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s &Acid

fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC).

Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of physical,chemical gaseous,radiation and mechanical method of sterilization, Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods, Equipments employed in large scale sterilization, Sterility indicators

Unit III

Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Viruses.

Classification and mode of action of disinfectants, Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. For

bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions

Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.

Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP

Unit IV

Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification.

Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for

standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.

Assessment of a new antibiotic.

Unit V

Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants,

assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.

Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.

Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and transformed cell cultures.

Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.

 1. Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator, laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator, microscopes used in experimental microbiology.

 

2. Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.

 

3. Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.

 

4. Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration with practical).

 

5. Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique and other techniques.

 

6. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method and other methods

 

7. Motility determination by Hanging drop method.

 

8. Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.

 

9. Bacteriological analysis of water

 

10. Biochemical test.

 

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

Theory Practical
Unit I

· Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance,

Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.

· Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.

· Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation,official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microscopy.

Unit II

· Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier’s law, Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers.

· Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation, differences between evaporation and other heat process. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of multiple effect evaporator.

· Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation,flash

distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation & molecular distillation

Unit III

· Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, measurements

& applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles,

construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.

· Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between

solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer,

planetarymixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier

Unit IV

· Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter medias. Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter &

Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtz filter.

· Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous centrifuge & super centrifuge.

Unit V

· Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention: Factors affecting during materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of corrosion, types of corrosion and there prevention.

Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non metals, basic of material handling systems.

 I. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted glass.

 

II. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.

 

III. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger.

 

IV. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).

 

V. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.

 

VI. Determination of humidity of air – i) From wet and dry bulb temperatures –use of Dew point method.

 

VII. Description of Construction working and application of Pharmaceutical

Machinery such as rotary tablet machine, fluidized bed coater, fluid energy mill,

de humidifier.

 

VIII. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations – Construction of various size frequency curves including arithmetic and logarithmic probability plots.

 

IX. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill and

determining Kicks, Rittinger’s, Bond’s coefficients, power requirement and

critical speed of Ball Mill.

 

X. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed dryer, freeze dryer and such other major equipment.

 

XI. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation (Surface area, Concentration and Thickness/ viscosity)

 

XII. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.

 

XIII. To calculate the uniformity Index for given sample by using Double Cone

Blender.

 

 

 

 

 

B. Pharmacy Subjects for Semester 4

 

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –III 45 100 – –
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I 45 100 4/week 50
PHYSI CAL PHARMACEUTICS -II 45 100 3/week 50
PHARMACOLOGY-I 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I 45 100 4/week 50
   
Total marks 700

 

 

B. Pharmacy Second Year Syllabus for Semester 4

 

Subject: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –III

Theory
Unit I

Stereo isomerism

Optical isomerism –Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds, Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules, DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature of optical isomers, Reactions of chiral molecules, Racemic modification and resolution of racemic mixture.

Unit II

Geometrical isomerism, Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis Trans, EZ, Syn Anti systems), Methods of determination of configuration of geometrical isomers. Conformational isomerism in Ethane, n-Butane and Cyclohexane, Stereo isomerism in biphenyl compounds (Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical activity. Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions

Unit III

Heterocyclic compounds:

Nomenclature and classification, Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives, Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene, Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene

Unit IV

Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives.

Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole and Thiazole.

Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine and Indole. Basicity of pyridine, Synthesis and medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, azepines and their derivatives

Unit V

Reactions of synthetic importance

Metal hydride reduction (NaBH4 and LiAlH4), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff Kishner reduction. Oppenauer-oxidation and Dakin reaction. Beckmanns rearrangement and Schmidt rearrangement. Claisen-Schmidt condensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subject: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I

Theory Practical
Unit I

Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, History and development of medicinal chemistry, Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action

Unit II

Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System, Adrenergic Neurotransmitters:

Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine. Adrenergic receptors (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution.

Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents

 · Direct acting:

Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine, Methyldopa, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol*, Bitolterol, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline.

· Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine,

Propylhexedrine.

· Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol.

Adrenergic Antagonists:

Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, Phentolamine,

Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin, Dihydroergotamine, Methysergide.

Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, Propranolol*,

Metibranolol, Atenolol, Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol,

Labetolol, Carvedilol.

Unit III

Cholinergic neurotransmitters:

Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine.

Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution.

Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of Parasympathomimetic agents

Direct acting agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol,

Methacholine, Pilocarpine.

Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible & Irreversible):

Physostigmine, Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride,

Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium chloride, Isofluorphate, Echothiophate

iodide, Parathione, Malathion.

Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride.

Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents, Solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: Atropine sulphate, Hyoscyamine sulphate, Scopolamine hydrobromide, Homatropine hydrobromide,

Ipratropium bromide*.

Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate

hydrochloride, Clidinium bromide, Dicyclomine hydrochloride*,

Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline bromide, Propantheline bromide, Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine citrate, Biperidine hydrochloride, Procyclidine hydrochloride*, Tridihexethyl chloride, Isopropamide iodide,

Ethopropazine hydrochloride.

Unit IV

Drugs acting on Central Nervous System

A. Sedatives and Hypnotics:

Benzodiazepines: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*,

Oxazepam, Chlorazepate, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Zolpidem

Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, Barbital*, Phenobarbital, Mephobarbital,

Amobarbital, Butabarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital

Miscelleneous:

Amides & imides: Glutethmide.

Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, Ethchlorvynol.

Aldehyde & their derivatives: Triclofos sodium, Paraldehyde.

B. Antipsychotics

Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines – Promazine hydrochloride,

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride*, Triflupromazine, Thioridazine

hydrochloride, Piperacetazine hydrochloride, Prochlorperazine maleate,

Trifluoperazine hydrochloride.

Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene,

Loxapine succinate, Clozapine.

Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone.

Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride.

Benzamides: Sulpieride.

C. Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsant action

Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital. Hydantoins:

Phenytoin*, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin Oxazolidine diones:

Trimethadione, Paramethadione Succinimides:

Phensuximide, Methsuximide, Ethosuximide* Urea and

monoacylureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepine*

Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam

Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid , Gabapentin, Felbamate

Unit V

General anesthetics:

Inhalation anesthetics: Halothane*, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane.

Ultra short acting barbitutrates: Methohexital sodium*, Thiamylal sodium, Thiopental sodium.

Dissociative anesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride.*

Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics

Morphine and related drugs: SAR of Morphine analogues, Morphine sulphate, Codeine, Meperidine hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride,

Diphenoxylate hydrochloride, Loperamide hydrochloride, Fentanyl citrate*,

Methadone hydrochloride*, Propoxyphene hydrochloride, Pentazocine, Levorphanol tartarate.

Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, Levallorphan tartarate,

Naloxone hydrochloride.

Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*,

Meclofenamate, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac,

Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen, Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone.

 I Preparation of drugs/ intermediates

1. 1,3-pyrazole

2. 1,3-oxazole

3. Benzimidazole

4. Benztriazole

5. 2,3- diphenyl quinoxaline

6. Benzocaine

7. Phenytoin

8. Phenothiazine

9. Barbiturate

 

II Assay of drugs

1. Chlorpromazine

2. Phenobarbitone

3. Atropine

4. Ibuprofen

5. Aspirin

6. Furosemide

 

III Determination of Partition coefficient for any two drugs

Subject: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II

Theory Practical
Unit I

Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties.

Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.

Unit II

Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature,

non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in

formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers

Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain,

Elastic Modulus.

Unit III

Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in

suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method.

Unit IV

Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight

distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by different

methods, counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for

determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders,

porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.

Unit V

Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention.

 1. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method

 

2. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method

 

3. Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity

 

4. Determine the angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose

 

5. Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer

 

6. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent

 

7. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending agent

 

8. Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer

 

9. Determination of reaction rate constant first order.

 

10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order

 

11. Accelerated stability studies

Subject: PHARMACOLOGY-I

Theory Practical
Unit I

1. General Pharmacology

a. Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of

pharmacology, nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of

drug administration, Agonists, antagonists( competitive and non competitive), spare

receptors, addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.

b. Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and

excretion of drugs .Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination

Unit II

General Pharmacology

a. Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor,

transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding

receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs and factors modifying drug action.

b. Adverse drug reactions.

c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)

d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.

Unit III

Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system

a. Organization and function of ANS.

b. Neurohumoral transmission,co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.

c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.

d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).

e. Local anesthetic agents.

f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma.

Unit IV

Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system

a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S, special emphasis on importance of various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.

b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.

c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.

d. Anti-epileptics

e. Alcohols and disulfiram

Unit V

Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system

a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-manics and hallucinogens.

b. Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.

d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists

e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

 1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology.

 

2. Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.

 

3. Study of common laboratory animals.

 

4. Maintenance of laboratory animals as per CPCSEA guidelines.

 

5. Common laboratory techniques. Blood withdrawal, serum and plasma separation, anesthetics and euthanasia used for animal studies.

 

6. Study of different routes of drugs administration in mice/rats.

 

7. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleeping time in mice.

 

8. Effect of drugs on ciliary motility of frog oesophagus.

 

9. Effect of drugs on rabbit eye.

 

10. Effects of skeletal muscle. relaxants using rota-rod apparatus.

 

11. Effect of drugs on locomotor activity using actophotometer.

 

12. Anticonvulsant effect of drugs by MES and PTZ method.

 

13. Study of stereotype and anti-catatonic activity of drugs on rats/mice.

 

14. Study of anxiolytic activity of drugs using rats/mice.

 

15. Study of local anesthetics by different methods.

 

Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments by softwares and videos

 

Subject: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I

Theory Practical
Unit I

Introduction to Pharmacognosy:

(a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy

(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture

(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and

mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).

Classification of drugs:

Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and sero

taxonomical classification of drugs

Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin:

Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,

chemical and biological methods and properties.

Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants,

camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.

Unit II

Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin:

Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin

Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants.

Plant hormones and their applications.

Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants

Conservation of medicinal plants

Unit III

Plant tissue culture:

Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance.

Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines

Unit IV

Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:

Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda,

Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine.

Introduction to secondary metabolites:

Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides,

Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins.

Unit V

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing

following drugs

Plant Products:

Fibers – Cotton, Jute, Hemp

Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens

Primary metabolites:

General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical

Aids and/or Medicines for the following

Primary metabolites: Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey, Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).

Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils): Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax

Marine Drugs:

Novel medicinal agents from marine sources

 1. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i)Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii)Agar (iv)Gelatin (v) starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil

 

2. Determination of stomatal number and index

 

3. Determination of vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.

 

4. Determination of size of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals by eye piece micrometer

 

5. Determination of Fiber length and width

 

6. Determination of number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method

 

7. Determination of Ash value

 

8. Determination of Extractive values of crude drugs

 

9. Determination of moisture content of crude drugs

 

10. Determination of swelling index and foamingB. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects & Syllabus PDF B Pharm Second Year 3 + 4 Semester PDF DOWNLOAD

B. Pharmacy 2nd Year Subjects & Syllabus PDF B Pharm Second Year 3 + 4 Semester PDF DOWNLOAD
Scenario of Pharmacy abroad

In some countries, B. Pharm degree has been superseded by the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D) and Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharm) degrees. In the United Kingdom B. Pharm is replaced by M. Pharm long back. Pharmacy is taught in University of Helsinki and University of Eastern Finland. M. Pharm is a must in order to be a druggist. In the Republic of Ireland, M. Pharm (Hons) degrees are offered by Trinity College, Dublin, University College Cork, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin. However, in Northern Ireland (which is part of the United Kingdom) M. Pharm degrees (as opposed to BSc or B. Pharm degrees) are offered at Queen’s University Belfast as in the rest of the UK. In Pakistan, Pharm. D is the only Basic Pharmacy Degree (5 years program) awarded by universities approved by Pharmacy Council of Pakistan.

B. Pharmacy 1st Year Subjects & Syllabus – PDF – B. Pharm First Year Semester {Sem 1 + 2}

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b-pharmacy-1st-year-subjects-syllabus-pdf-b-pharm-first-year

B. Pharmacy 1st Year Subjects and Syllabus:

B. Pharm(a) also called Bachelor in Pharmacy, is an undergraduate academic degree in the medical field of Pharmacy. In the United States, at Washington State University this degree was granted as the baccalaureate pharmacy degree only, where it has now been superseded by the Pharm. D degree. In India, Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is responsible to provide Pharmacy graduate level education all over the universities. Hence, it is a statutory body that is regulated by the provisions of the Pharmacy Act, 1948, passed by the Indian Parliament. One is eligible to opt for this course after successfully completing Standard Twelve in science stream with Physics, Chemistry, Maths or Biology as combination subjects. Students of Pharmacy are expected to they perform various experiments preparing new drugs for various diseases as practical knowledge along with the theory part. You are always free to discuss about your queries in the comment section below. Here we are going to know about the first year curriculum.

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Regulations:

  • The total duration of the course- 4 years. Typically the course spread out over 6-8 semesters. Each year consists of 2 semesters ideally. Each semester shall consist of minimum 100 working days.
  • Eligibility- 10+2 passed with Science stream subjects (PCB or PCM) from a recognized board with English as one of the subjects and at least 50% marks is the minimum educational qualification. In some states, it is also compulsory to follow their own additional entrance tests.
  • Entrance Examination: BHU B. Pharma Entrance Examination, GPAT- Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test, MHT-CET Maharashtra Common Entrance Test, GCET-Goa Common Entrance Test etc.

Subjects for B Pharm 1st year (Semester 1)

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICS- I 45 100 3/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 45 100 4/week 50
COMMUNICATION SKILLS* 30 50 2/week 25
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY*/ REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS(Only theory)* 30 50 30 25
 
Total marks 675/725 $/750#

#Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and appearing for Remedial Biology (RB) course.

$Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC and appearing for Remedial Mathematics (RM) course.

* Non University Examination (NUE)

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Syllabus for 1st Semester

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
 

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I

 Unit I(Introduction to human body, Cellular level of organization, Tissue level of organization); Unit II(Integumentary system, Skeletal system, Joints); Unit III(Body fluids and blood, Lymphatic system); Unit IV(Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system); Unit V (Cardiovascular system) 1. Study of compound microscope. 2. Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue 3. Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue 4. Identification of axial bones 5. Identification of appendicular bones 6. Introduction to hemocytometry. 7. Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count 8. Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) counts 9. Determination of bleeding time 10. Determination of clotting time 11. Estimation of hemoglobin content 12. Determination of blood group. 13. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 14. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate. 15. Recording of blood pressure.
 

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

 Unit I(Pharmaceutical analysis, Errors, Pharmacopoeia); Unit II(Acid base titration, Non aqueous titration); Unit III(Precipitation titration, Complexometric titration, Gravimetry, Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration); Unit IV(Redox titrations); Unit V(Electrochemical methods of analysis- Conductometry, Potentiometry, Polarography) Limit Tests- (1) Chloride (2) Sulphate (3) Iron (4) Arsenic; Preparation and standardization of -(1) Sodium hydroxide (2) Sulphuric acid (3) Sodium thiosulfate (4) Potassium permanganate (5) Ceric ammonium sulphate; Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant- (1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration (2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry (3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry (4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry (5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry (6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration (7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration; Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods – (1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base (2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base (3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base
 

PHARMACEUTICS- I

 Unit I(Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy, Prescription, Dosage forms, Posology); Unit II(Pharmaceutical calculations, Powders, Liquid dosage forms); Unit III(Monophasic liquids, Biphasic liquids Suspensions, Emulsions); Unit IV(Suppositories, Pharmaceutical incompatibilities); Unit V-Semisolid dosage forms 1. Syrups a) Syrup IP’66 b) Compound syrup of Ferrous Phosphate BPC’68 2. Elixirs a) Piperazine citrate elixir b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir 3.Linctus a) Terpin Hydrate Linctus IP’66 4. Solutions b) Iodine Throat Paint (Mandles Paint) a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate b) Cresol with soap solution c) Lugol’s solution 5. Suspensions a) Calamine lotion b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture c) Aluminimum Hydroxide gel 6. Emulsions a) Turpentine Liniment b) Liquid paraffin emulsion 7. Powders and Granules a) ORS powder (WHO) b) Effervescent granules c)Dusting powder d)Divded powders 8. Suppositories a) Glycero gelatin suppository b) Coca butter suppository c) Zinc Oxide suppository 8. Semisolids a) Sulphur ointment b) Non staining-iodine ointment with methyl salicylate c) Carbopal gel 9. Gargles and Mouthwashes a) Iodine gargle b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash
 

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Unit I(Impurities in pharmaceutical substances, General methods of preparation of compounds); Unit II(Acids, Bases and Buffers, Major extra and intracellular electrolytes, Dental products); Unit III(Gastrointestinal agents, Acidifiers, Antacid, Cathartics, Antimicrobials); Unit IV(Miscellaneous compounds, Expectorants,  Emetics, Haematinics, Poison and Antidote, Astringents); Unit V- Radiopharmaceuticals 1.Limit tests for following ions(Chlorides and Sulphates Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Limit test for Iron Limit test for Heavy metals Limit test for Lead Limit test for Arsenic) 2. Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium gluconate Copper sulphate 3.Test for purity Swelling power of Bentonite Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide 4.Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals Boric acid Potash alum Ferrous sulphate
 

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 Unit I(Communication Skills, Barriers to communication, Perspectives in Communication); Unit II(Elements of Communication, Communication Styles); Unit III(Basic Listening Skills, Effective Written Communication, Writing Effectively); Unit IV(Interview Skills, Giving Presentations); Unit V- Group Discussion Basic communications covering the following topics -Meeting People Asking Questions Making Friends What did you do? Do’s and Don’ts; Pronunciations covering the following topics- Pronunciation (Consonant Sounds) Pronunciation and Nouns Pronunciation (Vowel Sounds); Advanced Learning Listening Comprehension / Direct and Indirect Speech Figures of Speech Effective Communication Writing Skills Effective Writing Interview Handling Skills E-Mail etiquette Presentation Skills
 

REMEDIALBIOLOGY

 Unit I(Living world, Morphology of Flowering plants); Unit II(Body fluids and circulation, Digestion and Absorption, Breathing and respiration); Unit III(Excretory products and their elimination, Neural control and coordination, Chemical coordination and regulation, Human reproduction); Unit IV(Plants and mineral nutrition, Photosynthesis); Unit V(Plant respiration, Plant growth and development, Cell – The unit of life, Tissues 1. Introduction to experiments in biology a) Study of Microscope b) Section cutting techniques c) Mounting and staining d) Permanent slide preparation 2. Study of cell and its inclusions 3. Study of Stem, Root, Leaf, seed, fruit, flower and their modifications 4. Detailed study of frog by using computer models 5. Microscopic study and identification of tissues pertinent to Stem, Root Leaf, seed, fruit and flower 6. Identification of bones 7. Determination of blood group 8. Determination of blood pressure 9. Determination of tidal volume
REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS Unit I(Partial fraction, Logarithms, Function, Limits and continuity); Unit II(Matrices and Determinant); Unit III(Calculus –Differentiation); Unit IV(Analytical Geometry- Introduction, Straight Line, Integration); Unit V(Differential Equations-Application in solving Pharmacokinetic equations, Laplace Transform- Application in solving Chemical kinetics and Pharmacokinetics equations)  

 

B Pharmacy first year Subjects for Semester 2

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I 45 100 4/week 50
BIOCHEMISTRY 45 100 4/week 50
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 45 100 – –
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY* 30 75 – 25
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES* 30 75 – –
 
Total marks 725

* The subject experts at college level shall conduct examinations

B Pharma First year Syllabus for Semester 2

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
 

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II

 Unit I- Nervous system (Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid, structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity) ); Unit II- Digestive system (Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine 54 and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.  Energetics-Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR)  ;Unit III- Respiratory system (Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods), Urinary system (Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney); Unit IV- Endocrine system (Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.); Unit V- Reproductive system (Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition), Introduction to genetics Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance 1. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc., 2. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc., 3. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc 4. To demonstrate the general neurological examination 5. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve 6. To examine the different types of taste. 7. To demonstrate the visual acuity 8. To demonstrate the reflex activity 9. Recording of body temperature 10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism. 11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity. 12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with the help of models, charts and specimens. 13. Recording of basal mass index. 14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test. 15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser 16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads
 

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I

 Unit I- Classification, nomenclature and isomerism, Classification of Organic Compounds Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds); Unit II- Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes* (SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2 hybridization in alkenes E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation. Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement); Unit III- Alkyl halides* (SN1 and SN2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations. SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions, Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform), Alcohols*( Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol); Unit IV- Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones) Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde); Unit V- Carboxylic acids* (Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and Acetyl salicylic acid), Aliphatic amines* – Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine) I. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like

1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and unsaturation, etc. 2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test 3. Solubility test 4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and Anilides. 5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds 6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling point. 7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting point/ boiling point. 8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically;

II- Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds;

III. Construction of molecular models
 

BIOCHEMISTRY

 Unit I– Biomolecules (Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins), Bioenergetics (Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP) ; Unit II- Carbohydrate metabolism(Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance,Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance, HMP shunt and its significance, Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD), Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance, Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus), Biological oxidation(Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers.); Unit III –Lipid metabolism(β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid), Formation and utilization of ketone bodies, ketoacidosis

De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid), Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into

bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D,Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.) Amino acid metabolism

(General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination,

deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders,

Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders(Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia), Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin,

dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundi); Unit IV- Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer

(Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides,

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Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease, Organization of mammalian genome,

Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions, DNA replication (semi conservative model),

Transcription or RNA synthesis

Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors); Unit V- Enzymes

(Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes,

Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)

Enzyme inhibitors with examples,

Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric

enzymes regulation, Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes, Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions)

 1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose,Sucrose and starch)

2. Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)

3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)

4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents

5. Determination of blood creatinine

6. Determination of blood sugar

7. Determination of serum total cholesterol

8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH

9. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch

10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity

11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity

12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Unit I – Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:

(Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems,

Causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage,

Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes

(Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance), Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:

(Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism

of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of

WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the

skin, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis); Unit II– Cardiovascular System:

(Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis), Respiratory system: (Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.), Renal system: (Acute and chronic renal failure.)

Unit III- Haematological Diseases: (Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, haemophilia), Endocrine system: (Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones.), Nervous system: (Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders:

Depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.), Gastrointestinal system: (Peptic Ulcer),

Unit IV– Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver

Disease, Disease of bones and joints: (Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout), Principles of cancer: (classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer), Diseases of bones and joints: (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout), Principles of Cancer:  (Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer)

Unit V- Infectious diseases: (Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections), Sexually transmitted diseases: (AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea)

  

 

When to Write a Pharmacy Progress Note

 

_
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY Unit IV- Number system: (Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal

number system, Hexadecimal number systems, conversion decimal to binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition, binary

subtraction – One’s complement ,Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binary division.), Concept of Information Systems and Software : (Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project.); Unit II- Web technologies: (Introduction to HTML, XML,CSS and

Programming languages, introduction to web servers and Server Products, Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database.); Unit III- Application of computers in Pharmacy (Drug information storage and

retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring, Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System); Unit IV- Bioinformatics: (Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Databases, Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery)

Unit-V Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development:

(Chromatographic dada analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information management

System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System(TIMS))

 1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular disease.

2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.

3. Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools

4 Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD

5. Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using access

6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database

7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database

8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access

9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access

10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access

11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages

12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Unit-I:The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies

Natural Resources (Renewable and non-renewable resources: Natural resources and associated problems a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources; e) Energy resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual inconservation of natural resources.); Unit II:   Ecosystems

§ Concept of an ecosystem.

§ Structure and function of an ecosystem.

§ Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of

the ecosystems: Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert

ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,

estuaries); Unit- III:

Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution.

  

 

 

 

 

 

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 B pharmacy first year syllabus Subjects semister wise PDF

Information related to Bachelor in Pharmacy degree

The fees of B. Pharmacy course is near about 1.5 lacs per semester. B.Pharm students who excel in academics can avail the scholarship in India as well as abroad. There are some scholarship programmes conducted by some universities based on the few criteria. One of them is called as Apex Life Scholarship and it is for Higher Studies in India/Abroad. The amount in India varies between Rs. 500/- to Rs. 3500/- (monthly) whereas Rs. 1 lac to Rs. 5 lacs for abroad studies. Starting from the qualification of H.Sc, SSC, Undergraduates, Postgraduates and students of Professional Courses can apply for the same.

What to do After B. Pharmacy?

To name some private organisations offering scholarships to students for education include Mahalaxmi Education Trust, Bombay, C. Mahindra Education Trust, Sahu Jain Trust, Birla Education Trust, J.N. Tata Endowment and Aga Khan Education Service (India). Also one can consider the option of taking a loan from banks offering education loans. 

B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects – Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year

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B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects - Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year

B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects – Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year  are included in this article. The Bachelor of Pharmacy course is a four year course and is offered by many universities across the country.The BPharm course as it is known, equips the student to face the highly challenging world of medicines and drugs.

Different universities offer a different combination of subjects. Some universities in the quest to equip their students with the extra edge, have introduced courses like Human Rights and communication skills. 

In the new millennium, good communication skills are definitely a must have for any professional.

B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects - Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year

B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects :

A few subjects prescribed by the Council for Technical education are:

-Pharmaceutics

– Preperative Pharmacy

-Organic chemistry

-Hospital and community pharmacy

-Organic chemistry

– Pathophysiology

-Analytical pharmacognosy.

– Pathophysiology.

Along with these subjects, there are colleges that also have included subjects like Environmental science, entrepreneurship,  professional ethics and Human Rights. 

Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year in Different Universities

The course is divided into theory and practical portions. They are trained how to put their theoretical knowledge to use during the practical sessions.

The Uttar Pradesh university has also introduced new subjects that can be opted for with additional credits. The subjects cater to the need of the hour – cyber security and human values. 

The Rajasthan university has changed with the times and has introduced computer applications in both theory and practical subjects.

Along with the subjects related to the basic course,  emphasis  is laid on personality grooming and life skills needed to survive the tough competition of the profession also.

The pharmacist may also venture out into production of field work depending on his interest. There is a lateral entry as second year for students who are joining after D. Pharm. A post diploma admission. The subsequent course is the same.

The first and the second year of this course is the basics of the subject.  There is also an introduction to the other basic medical sciences so that the pharmacist has a thorough knowledge of the drug metabolism and its effects and side effects on the human body.

Just as a strong foundation supports a strong building, a strong  basic knowledge is the basis of a successful career.

The elementary level of any course is of utmost importance all throughout. Hope you enjoyed reading all about B Pharm 2nd Year Subjects – Bachelor of Pharmacy Second Year .

B.Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus B. Pharma Third Yr Results Books PDF

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B.Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus B. Pharma Third Yr Results Books PDF

In this article we are going to discuss B.Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus B. Pharma Third Yr Results Books PDF. 

B.Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects and Syllabus

The B.Pharmacy is a bachelor course for pursuing studies in pharmacy. It is the basic course that can be pursued after 10+2 or any relevant approved diploma in medicine/pharmacy. The course guides students with the various aspects of medicines and pharmacy. They are taught about how medicines are really manufactured and dispersed. Apart from that, they are also guided on the various concepts of prescription of drugs. Overall, in the tenure of 4 years the students get aware about various aspects of industry and requirement in the contemporary scenario. They gather necessary knowledge and skillset that makes them ready to work in the pharmaceutical and medical industry.

The various premier organisations such as AICTE and UGC have decided to cater an industry ready course to students so as to increase the employability in the pharmacy sector. The industry demands lot of experienced candidates who can work with desired knowledge and skillset.

B.Pharmacy 3rd Year Subjects & Syllabus B. Pharma Third Yr Results Books PDF

Subjects in Third Year B.Pharmacy:

The course includes different basic and advanced subjects to introduce students with the pharmacy and medicine. The 3rd which can also be considered as V and 6 semesters caters these subjects to students which teach them pharmacy related concepts.

The subjects include- Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Microbiology, Pathophysiology of Common Diseases, Dispensing and Community Pharmacy.

Third Year Syllabus of B. Pharmacy:

The syllabus caters lot of knowledge about the various important and crucial subjects of Pharmacy. The course consists of both practical and theory subjects to give hands-on experience to students.

In terms of semester system, there are 2 evaluation exams and one end-semester exam. Whereas in year based system, there are various evaluation exam and one year end examination. The student grades are accessed on the basis of evaluation and main examination. The examination format consists of both- Theory and Practical Paper.

Apart from the essential theory and practical subjects of pharmacy, the students are also taught with the aspects of basic computers to help them carry out their work on computers. In this era of digital world, the information about computers and various essential programmes is must. This make students ready for industry and caters all-round skill development.

D. Pharmacy Subjects & Syllabus – D Pharma First [1st] & Second [2nd] Year Info

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D. Pharmacy Year wise Subjects & Syllabus - D Pharma 1st & 2nd Year

D.Pharm Year wise Subjects and Syllabus:

D.Pharma (a) also called Diploma in Pharmacy, is pursued by the students in the medical field of Pharmacy. In India, one is eligible to opt for this education course after successfully completing Standard Twelve in science stream with Physics, Chemistry and either Biology as subjects. Consequently, the successful completion of this course allows one to be employed as a Registered Pharmacist in Pharmacy shops selling medicine. In fact, it is mandatory presently to have at least one qualified D.Pharm person employed in pharmacy must. Hence, a student can go for undergraduate degree course of B.Pharm after pursuing of D.Pharm in India.

Banned Drugs Combination Products List in India PDF 2018 – Latest News

D. Pharmacy Year wise Subjects & Syllabus - D Pharma 1st & 2nd Year

D. Pharmacy Curriculum

  • Duration of the course -2 years. Each academic year will spread for not more than 180 working days with 500 hours of practical training in 3 months.
  • Candidate should be at least 17 years of age while securing admission.

D. Pharmacy Eligibility

  • Eligibility- 10+2 passed with Science stream subjects (PCB or M) from a recognized board is the minimum educational qualification required (in some institutes, PCB subjects are mandatory). 

D. Pharmacy Entrance Examination:

  • Entrance Examination- It could be a direct admission or merit-based admission process. Reputed and well-established institutes follow their own entrance tests (while preparing the merit list).

Subjects for 1st year of D. Pharmacy

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours/Year Hours/week Hours/Year Hours/week
Pharmaceutics-I 75 3 100 4
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I 75 3 75 3
Pharmacognosy 75 3 75 3
Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology 50 2 75 3
Human Anatomy & Physiology 75 3 50 2
Health Education & community pharmacy 50 2    
400 16 375 15

 

 

D. Pharmacy Syllabus for 1st year

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
 

 

Pharmaceutics-I

 Introduction of different dosage forms, Metrology, Packaging of pharmaceuticals, Size separation, Mixing and Homogenization, Clarification and Filtration, Extraction and Galenicals, Distillation, Introduction to drying process, Sterilization, Aseptic techniques, Processing of Tablets, Processing of Capsules, Study of immunological products Preparation of  Aromatic waters(3), Solutions(4),Spirits(2),Tinctures(4),Extracts(2)Creams(2), Cosmetic preparations(3), Capsules(2), Tables(2), Preparations involving(2), Ophthalmic preparations(2), Preparations involving aseptic techniques(2)
 

 

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

 Acids, bases and buffers, Antioxidants, Gastrointestinal agents, Topical Agents, Antimicrobials and Astringents, Dental Products, Respiratory stimulants, Expectorants and Emetics, Antidotes, Major Intra and Extra cellular electrolytes, Inorganic official compounds, Radio pharmaceuticals and contrast media, Quality control of Drugs and pharmaceuticals, Identification tests for cations and anions. Identification tests for inorganic compounds particularly drugs and pharmaceuticals, Limit test for chloride, Sulphate, Arsenic, Iron and Heavy metals, Assay of inorganic pharmaceuticals involving each of the following methods of compounds marked with (*) under theory. i. Acid-Base titrations (at least 3) ii. Redox titrations (one each of permanganometry and iodimetry). iii. Precipitation titrations (at least 2) iv. Complexometric titration (Calcium and Magnesium)
 

 

Pharmacognosy

 Definition, history and scope of Pharmacogonosy ,Various systems of classification of drugs and natural origin, Adulteration and drug evaluation, Brief outline of f alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins, Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents, Pharmaceutical aids, Miscellaneous Identification of drugs by morphological characters. Physical and chemical tests for evaluation of drugs wherever applicable. Gross anatomical studies (t.s.) of the following drugs – Senna, Datura, cinnamon, cinchona, coriander, fennel, clove, Ginger, Nux-vomica, Ipecacuanha, Identification of fibers and surgical dressing.
 

 

Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology

 Introduction to biochemistry,Carbohydrates, Lipids,Vitamins, Enzymes, Therapeutics (Lymphocytes and platelets, their role in health
and disease. Erythrocytes)		 Detection and identification of proteins. Amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents of Blood and Urine (Glucose, urea, creatine, cretinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatatase acid phosphatase, Bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT, calcium, Diastase,Lipase), Examination of sputum and faeces (microscopic & staining), Practice in injecting drugs by intramuscular, subcutaneous and intravenous routes, withdrawal of blood
samples.
 

 

 

Human Anatomy & Physiology

 Scope of Anatomy and physiology, Elementary tissues, Skeletal System, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory system, Urinary System, Muscular System,Central Nervous System, Sensory Organs, Digestive System, Endocrine System, Reproductive system Study of the human Skeleton, Study with the help of charts and models of the following system and organs, Digestive system, Respiratory system, Ear, Cardiovascular system, Urinary system, Reproductive system Eye, Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, Connective tissue and nervous tissues, Examination of blood films for TLC.DLC and malaria parasite, Determination of RBCs, clotting time of blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Hemoglobin value, Recording of body temperature, pulse, heart-rate, blood pressure and ECG.
 

 

Health Education & community pharmacy

 Concept of health,Nutrition and health, First aid, Environment and health,Fundamental principles of microbiology, Communicable diseases, Respiratory infections, Intestinal infection, Arthropod borne infections, Surface infection,
Sexually transmitted diseases, Non-communicable diseases, Epidemiology		  

 

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What to do After D. Pharmacy?

D. Pharmacy Subjects for 2nd year

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours/Year Hours/week Hours/Year Hours/week
Pharmaceutics-II 75 3 100 4
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II 100 4 75 3
Pharmacology & Toxicology 75 3 50 2
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence 50 2    
Drug store and Business Management 75 3    
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy 50 3 50 2
450 18 275 11

D. Pharmacy Syllabus for 2nd year

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
Pharmaceutics-II Prescriptions, Incompatibilities in prescriptions, Posology, Dispensed Medications, Powders,Liquid oral Dosage forms: Monophasic, Biphasic Liquid Dosage Forms: Suspensions, Emulsions, Semi-Solid Dosage Forms: Ointments, Pastes, Jellies, Suppositories and peassaries,Dental and cosmetic preparations, Sterile Dosage forms: Parenteral dosage forms, Sterility testing, Ophthalmic products Dispensing of at least 100 products covering a wide range of preparations such as mixtures, emulsion,
solutions, liniments, E.N.T. preparations. Ointments, suppositories, powders, incompatible prescriptions
etc.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems, The chemistry of pharmaceutical organic compounds (Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Sulphonamides,Antileprotic Drugs, Anti-tubercular Drugs, Antimoebic and Anthelmintic Drugs, Antibiotic, Antifungal agent,
Antimalarial Drugs, Tranquilizers, Hypnotics,General Anaesthetics, Antidepressant Drugs, Adrenergic drugs, Adrenergic antagonist,
Cholinergic Antagonists, Diuretic Drugs, Cardiovascular Drugs, Hypoglycemie Agents, Coagulants and Anti coagulants, Local Anaesthetics, Analgesics and Anti-pyretics, Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents, Diagnostic Agents, Anticonvulsants, cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmic, Antihypertensives & Vitamins, Steroidal Drugs, Anti-Neoplastic Drugs		 Systematic qualitative testing of organic drugs involving solubility determination, melting point and/or boiling point, detection of elements and functional groups (10 compounds). Official identification tests for certain groups of drugs included in the I.P. like barbiturates, sulfonamides, Phenothiazines, Antibiotics etc. (8 compounds). Preparation of three simple organic preparations.
Pharmacology & Toxicology Introduction to pharmacology, Routes of administration of drugs, General mechanism of drugs action, Drugs acting on the central Nervous system, Drugs acting on respiratory system, Autocoids, Cardio vascular drugs, Drugs affecting renal function, Hormones and hormone antagonists, Drugs acting on digestive system, Chemotherapy of microbial diseases, Disinfectants and antiseptics. The first six of the following experiments will be done by the students while the remaining will be demonstrated by the teacher. (Effect of potassium and calcium ions, acetylcholine and adrenaline on frog’s heart. Effect of acetyl choline on rectus abdomens muscle of frog and guinea pig ileum. Effect of spasmogens and relaxants on rabbit’s intestine. Effect of local anaesthetics on rabbit cornea. Effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbit’s eye. To study the action of strychnine on frog. Effect of digitalis on frog’s heart. Effect of hypnotics in mice. Effect of convulsants and anticonvulsant in mice or rats.Test for pyrogens. Taming and hypnosis potentiating effect of chlorpromazine in mice/rats. Effect of diphenhydramine in experimentally produced asthma in guinea pigs.)
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence Origin and nature of pharmaceutical legislation in India,Principles and significance of professional Ethics, Pharmacy Act,1948, The Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940, The Drugs and Magic Remedies (objectionable Advertisement)Act, 1954, Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic substances Act,1985, Latest Drugs (price control) order in force. Poisons Act 1919(as amended to date)
Medicinal and Toilet preparations (excise Duties) Act, 1955 (as amended to date). Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971(as amended to date).		  

 

 

 

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Drug store and Business Management Part-I: Commerce- Introduction, Drug House Management, Sales, Recruitment, training, Banking and Finance.  Part-II: Accountancy – Introduction to the accounting concepts and conventions.                                                               

_
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy Part-I: Hospital Pharmacy-Hospital, Hospital Pharmacy, Drug Distribution system in Hospitals, Manufacturing, Sterile manufacture, Non-sterile manufacture, P.T.C.(pharmacy Therapeutic Committee), Hospital Formulary system, Drug Information service , Surgical dressing, Application of computers. Part II: Clinical Pharmacy- Introduction to Clinical pharmacy practice,
Modern dispensing aspects, Common daily terminology used in the practice of Medicine.
Disease, manifestation and patho-physiology, Physiological parameters with their significance.
Drug Interactions, Adverse Drug Reaction,
Drugs in Clinical Toxicity, Drug dependences,
Bio-availability of drugs.		  

 

 

 

 

 

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World Pharmacists Day 2018

Scope of Diploma in Pharmacy

In the employment areas of pharmacy, in the first place one can take up the role in Health Centres, Hospitals, Chemist shops, Drug Control Administration, Pharmaceutical firms, Sales and marketing department, Research Agencies Food and Drug Administration.

Also, a variety of pharmacy jobs are available as per the degree such as Technical Supervisor, Medical Transcriptionist, Pharmacist, Quality Analyst, Scientific Officer, Tutor, and Production Executive.

Hope our article on D. Pharmacy Year wise Subjects & Syllabus like D Pharma 1st & 2nd Year helped you to know what are all the subjects were included in the Diploma in pharmacy curriculum. 

B. Pharmacy First Year Subjects – B Pharma 1st Sem 2nd Sem Books Syllabus

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Subjects for First Year Pharmacy

B Pharmacy First Year Subjects

Bachelor of Pharmacy or B. Pharmacy is one of the most studied courses of present time.  Many students ever year enroll under B. Pharmacy colleges to study the course.  It is a three year course, which is scheduled to be studied semester wise.  It is an under graduation level course that is chosen to be studied by many students after their intermediate.  Students who have studied intermediate with Bi.Pc background will go for under graduation into B. Pharmacy course.  Qualified students from intermediate with Bi.Pc background will study B. Pharmacy in their under graduation level.  The study of Pharmacy is all about art and science of preparing and dispensing new drugs and medicines for various illnesses and diseases.

Pharmacy is studied in various semesters.  The number of semesters of Pharmacy varies from state to state.  Students of Pharmacy along with gaining theoretical knowledge will also be able to gain practical knowledge as they get to perform various experiments.  Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is the one that is responsible to govern and manage the Pharmacy graduate level education in the entire country.  It is a statutory body that is governed by the provisions of the Pharmacy Act, 1948 that was passed by the Indian Parliament.

Students who have completed their under graduation in Pharmacy can be able to live as a Pharmacist.  They can manage their own medical shops; they can work in various labs to experiment new medicines for illnesses.  Along with Pharmacy College’s offline, there are also named online Pharmacy colleges that offer good range of study to the students of the world.  Many named universities around the globe offer online Pharmacy courses to the interested candidates.  Those universities also provide Pharmacy degree to the qualified candidates.  The online Pharmacy degree providing Schools include University of Florida, Kaplan University, Baker College, Lehigh University, University of Phoenix, Grand Canyon University and University of Liverpool.

b pharmacy first year subjects

Subjects for First Year Pharmacy

The first year of B. Pharmacy consists of various subjects.  Students who are willing to attain Bachelor Degree in Pharmacy needs to clear their intermediate with at least 50% of marks.  They need to do their intermediate in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, or Physics, Chemistry, Biology or Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology subjects.  The first year B. Pharmacy students need to study the subjects that were mentioned below.  Students who have cleared all their subjects in B. Pharmacy first year will be promoted to second year.  As it is a three year course and is a semester pattern, the subjects in the later two years will be divided into semesters.

  • Remedial Mathamaticla BiologySubjects for First Year Pharmacy
  • Advanced Mathematics
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology and Health Education
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Pharmacy
  • Basic Electronics and Computer Applications
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis
  • Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Pharmacognosy

Students who have entered into B. Pharmacy after their intermediate level education needs to study these subjects in their first year of Pharmacy.  They need to clear all these subjects in order to get promoted to second year of Pharmacy.  Few universities offer semester wise study, while few universities offer year full of study.  Candidates who have plans to do Master Degree in research will do this B. Pharmacy course.  Qualified candidates can either go for post graduation or can work in teaching profession.

B. Pharmacy First Year Subjects – B Pharma 1st Sem 2nd Sem Books Syllabus B. Pharmacy First Year Subjects – B Pharma 1st Sem 2nd Sem Books Syllabus

 

 

B. Pharmacy First Year Books List – Subject Notes Books PDF

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B. Pharmacy First Year Books List - Subject Notes Books PDF

B. Pharmacy First Year Books List

Here we are providing the list of books that are needed for the Pharmacy students and the links for downloading the books. Are you just tired in search of finding the First year Pharmacy books then you are up to the right place. We will provide you the cent percent correct information here and you can know all the information that you want here. In the first year course of the Pharmacy students, there are two semesters. A semester is a 6 months course and the year is divided into two semesters. Students will have the books and syllabus to be followed for a particular semester in the year.

Do you know What are the subjects of B.Pharma first semester? B.pharmacy first semester subjects are Pharamaceutics, Pharamaceutical inorganic chemistry,physics.computer programming mathematics and graphics,mathematics and statistics then your having four lab

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B. Pharmacy First Year Books List - Subject Notes Books PDF

Pharmacy First Semester Books for First Year Students:

          In the first semester of the Pharmacy, you will have 9 subjects of which 5 are theory oriented and the remaining 4 are for labs. Following table shows the first semester books for the students:

S.No Subject T P Credits
1 English 3 + 1 – 3
2 Remedial Mathematics/Remedial Biology 3/2 + 1 – 3/2
3 Human Anatomy & Physiology – I 3 + 1 – 3
4 Dispensing Pharmacy & Ethics 3 + 1 – 3
5 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I 3 + 1 – 3
6 English Communications Skills Lab – 3 2
7 Remedial Biology Lab – 2 0/1
8 Dispensing Pharmacy Lab – 3 2
9 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Lab – 3 2
Total Credits 21

These are the first semester subjects for the students and the books for these subjects to be followed by the students. The prescribed textbooks are:

English:

‘Trail Blazers’ by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd. Publishers

Remedial Mathematics/Remedial Biology:

  1. Intermediate first Year mathematics
  2. Intermediate Second year mathematics, printed and published by Telugu Academy, Himayatnagar, Hyderabad
  3. Pharmaceutical Arithmetic’s by Mohd. Ali CBS publishers and distributor, New Delhi.
  4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Grewal.

Human Anatomy & Physiology – I:

  1. Tortora, G.J and Anagnodokas, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, N.P Harper & Row Publishers N.Y
  2. C.C.Chatterjee, Human Physiology.
  3. Ross & Wilson, Anatomy-Physiology in health and illness.
  4. Donald.C Rizzo, Fundamental of Anatomy and Physiology.

DISPENSING PHARMACY & ETHICS:

  1. Cooper & Gunns Dispensing Pharmacy, CBS, Publ. and Distributors New Delhi.
  2. R.M Metha, Dispensing Pharmacy.
  3. NK Jain and GD Guptha, Modern Dispensing Pharmacy, Pharma Med Press.
  4. Sanmathi BS and Anshu Guptha, Dispensing Pharmacy – A Practical Manual, Pharma Med Press.

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I:

  1. T.R. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Organic chemistry, pentice hall of India private limited, New Delhi.
  2. Arun Bahl & Bahl, Advanced Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry.

Pharmacy Second Semester Books for First Year Students:

          In the second semester of the Pharmacy, you will be having 8 subjects. Of them 5 subjects are theory oriented and the remaining 3 are labs. Here the following table shows the subjects by specifying their credits too:

S.No Subject T P Credits
1 Human Anatomy & Physiology – II 3 + 1 – 3
2 Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry 3 + 1 – 3
3 Pharmacy Organic Chemistry – II 3 + 1 – 3
4 Physical Pharmacy – I 3 + 1 – 3
5 Computer Applications & Biostatistics 3 + 1 – 3
6 Human Anatomy & Physiology Lab – 3 2
7 Physical Pharmacy – I Lab – 3 2
8 Computer Applications Lab – 3 2
Total Credits 21

These are the subjects that are present in the second semester of the first year Pharmacy. The prescribed textbooks for these subjects are provided given below:

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY – II:

  1. Tortora, G.J and Anagnodokas, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, N.P Harper & Row Publishers N.Y
  2. Ross & Wilson – Anatomy & Physiology in health and illness – Anne Waugh, Allison Grant.
  3. T.S. Ranganathan, A Text book of Human Anatomy.
  4. Human Anatomy and Physiology. C.C Chatterjee.

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

  1. A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake, Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, Part-I. The Athtone press, University of London, London.
  2. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Satya prakash, G.D.Tuli B.PHARMACY 39
  3. Wal Ankita, Wal, Pranay, Rai, Awani Kumar, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Age International Publishers.

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II:

  1. T.R.Morrison and R.N.Boyd, Organic chemistry, pentice hall of India private limited, New Delhi.
  2. Arun Bahl & Bahl, Advanced Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry.

PHYSICAL PHARMACY – I:

  1. Patrick J. Sinko, Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fifth Edition.
  2. C.V.S.Subramanyam, Essentials of Physical Pharmacy, Vallabh Prakashan.
  3. E. Shotton and K. Ridgaway, Physical Pharmaceutics, Oxford University Press, London.
  4. S. J Carter, Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy.
  5. B. Pharmacy First Year Books List pdf

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND BIOSTATISTICS:

  1. Computer Fundamentals, Anita Goel, Pearson.
  2. Information Technology Workshop, 3e, G Praveen Babu, M V Narayana BS Publications.
  3. Khan & Khan, “Fundamentals of Biostatistics”.
  4. Pranab Kumar Banerjee, “Introduction to Biostatistics”.
  5. Incoming searches: b pharmacy subjects list first year, subjects in b pharmacy 1st year, pharmacy books for 1st year, b pharmacy 1st year materials, subjects in b pharmacy 2nd year, b pharmacy books pdf free download, b pharmacy 1st year notes, b pharmacy syllabus for 1st year jntu.

First impression is the best impression as said by elders. You need to score good marks in the first year to lead a happy and peaceful life along with success in your whole college life. Don’t hesitate to write to write us regarding any doubts we are happy to help you. Tell your friends about our website to help them grow in the carriers. there will be more distractions in the first year of your college but still you need to concentrate on your studies. Life will not be a bed of roses on the first here itself but as you to remove the thorns one by one you will see the fruitful year ahead. We wish you all the very best on on your first typing stone of success.

donot leave your concentration for anything. Hope this article about b pharmacy subjects list first year and the syllabus for the first year of B Pharma has helped you. Share your thoughts here on our Pharmawiki website.

B. Pharmacy First Year Syllabus Subjects 1st Year BPharm

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B pharmacy first year syllabus

  1. B Pharmacy First Year Syllabus

Bachelor of Pharmacy is one of the finest educations at this point in time.  Every year zillions of students are joining B. Pharmacy to study Pharmacy.  It is a degree of three years that is studied semester wise.  It is an under graduation degree that gives the under graduation certification to the students.  It is the next level of education after intermediate.  Students who have studied intermediate with Bi.Pc background will go for under graduation into B. Pharmacy course.  It is a study about art and science.  The candidates of Pharmacy will be eligible to invent new drugs by performing researches in the labs.

Students of Pharmacy will be able to get theoretical knowledge along with practical knowledge as they perform various experiments while preparing new drugs for various diseases.  Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is responsible to manage Pharmacy graduate level education in the entire country.  It is a statutory body that is governed by the provisions of the Pharmacy Act, 1948 that was passed by the Indian Parliament.

  1. Pharmacy first year

Students from various streams of intermediate like Physics, Chemistry, Maths, or Physics, Chemistry, Biology or Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology subjects are eligible to go for B. Pharmacy under graduation for three years.  They need to take entrance test in order to study B. Pharmacy.  B. Pharmacy is a semester wise education where the semester system is different from state to state.  Students will need to take various entrance examinations in order to join B. Pharmacy.  The entrance examinations to enter B. Pharmacy include B Pharma Entrance Exam, GPAT – Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test, MHT-CET Maharashtra Common Entrance Test etc.

Candidates can work in various areas of discipline like chemist shops, drug control administration, educational institutes, food and drug administration, health centers, hospitals, medical dispensing store, pharmaceutical firms, research agencies, sales and marketing departments etc.

B pharmacy first year syllabus

  1. Pharmacy First Year Subjects

The subjects in B. Pharmacy first year includes:

  • Remedial Mathematical Biology

  • Advanced Mathematics

  • Anatomy

  • Physiology and Health Education

  • Physical Chemistry

  • Organic Chemistry

  • Physical Pharmacy

  • Basic Electronics and Computer Applications

  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

  • Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

  • Pharmacognosy

These are the list of subjects that needs to be studied in the first year of B. Pharmacy.       Few state Pharmacy institutes will schedule the B. Pharmacy first year to be held semester wise while few institutes will schedule the B. Pharmacy for an entire year.  The above subjects will be studied in the first year of B. Pharmacy.  Students need to clear all the subjects in order to get promoted to second year of Pharmacy.  Qualified candidates from B. Pharmacy are eligible to take Masters Degree.

  1. B. Pharmacy First Year Syllabus

The Syllabi of Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences includes 11 subjects of total.  It includes both theory and practicals.  The syllabus will be divided into two sections.  The first section of B. Pharmacy includes various topics and contents related to pharma.

Pharmaceutics

Section – I    

  1. Introduction to Pharmaceutics and its scope
    1. Definition of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics, Area of Pharmaceutics, Physical Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Microbilogy, Dispensing and Pharmacy Practices, Historical background and development of profession of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical industry in India.
  2. Introduction to pharmacopoeias and other compendia.
  3. Definition of drug, New Drug as per D&C Act 1940, steps for New Drug Development – filing of INDA, clinical research, filing of NDA.
  4. Brief Introduction to Good Manufacturing Practices & Quality Assurance
  5. Introduction to Dosage forms
    1. Classification of the basis of nature, routes of administration, concept of new drug delivery system sustained release and targeted drug delivery system with some examples.
  6. Concept of Pre-formulations and formulation- introductory aspects of physicochemical properties with their application, types of additives with examples.
  7. Concept of Bio-availability, Bioequivalence, Biopharmaceutics, Absorption, and Mechanism of absorption. Concept of drug distribution, Concept of drug metabolism and concept of drug excretion.  Drug efficiency and dose response concept.  Physiological consideration of various routes of administration.
  8. Radiopharmaceuticals: Radioactivity, Production and Quality control of radiopharmaceuticals.
  9. Packaging: Containers, closures, and materials for them, until dose packing.
  10. Alternative systems of medicine: Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani and Siddha.

Section –II

  1. Solution – Definition, factors affecting rate of solution, methods used to improve solubility and preformulation studies. Types of ingredients used during formulation.  Manufacturing processes involved in liquid oral preparation.  Evaluation including control on raw materials, in process control and finished Product controls.  Formulation – syrups, elixirs, aromatic water, linctuses, ENT preparations and pains, mouth washes.
  2. Equipments used in manufacturing and packing of oral solution, liquid mixing mechanism of mixing, impeller, propeller mixers, paddle mixer, baffles, prevention of aeration and foam.
  3. Filtration and Clarification.
  4. Size Reducation
  5. Size Separation
  6. Powders
  7. Granule manufacturing as a dosage form

Subjects for 1st year (Semester 1)

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICS- I 45 100 3/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 45 100 4/week 50
COMMUNICATION SKILLS* 30 50 2/week 25
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY*/ REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS(Only theory)* 30 50 30 25
 
Total marks 675/725 $/750#

#Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and appearing for Remedial Biology (RB) course.

$Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC and appearing for Remedial Mathematics (RM) course.

* Non University Examination (NUE)

Syllabus for 1st Semester

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
 

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I

 Unit I(Introduction to human body, Cellular level of organization, Tissue level of organization); Unit II(Integumentary system, Skeletal system, Joints); Unit III(Body fluids and blood, Lymphatic system); Unit IV(Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system); Unit V (Cardiovascular system) 1. Study of compound microscope. 2. Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue 3. Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue 4. Identification of axial bones 5. Identification of appendicular bones 6. Introduction to hemocytometry. 7. Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count 8. Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) counts 9. Determination of bleeding time 10. Determination of clotting time 11. Estimation of hemoglobin content 12. Determination of blood group. 13. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 14. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate. 15. Recording of blood pressure.
 

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

 Unit I(Pharmaceutical analysis, Errors, Pharmacopoeia); Unit II(Acid base titration, Non aqueous titration); Unit III(Precipitation titration, Complexometric titration, Gravimetry, Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration); Unit IV(Redox titrations); Unit V(Electrochemical methods of analysis- Conductometry, Potentiometry, Polarography) Limit Tests- (1) Chloride (2) Sulphate (3) Iron (4) Arsenic; Preparation and standardization of -(1) Sodium hydroxide (2) Sulphuric acid (3) Sodium thiosulfate (4) Potassium permanganate (5) Ceric ammonium sulphate; Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant- (1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration (2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry (3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry (4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry (5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry (6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration (7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration; Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods – (1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base (2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base (3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base
 

PHARMACEUTICS- I

 Unit I(Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy, Prescription, Dosage forms, Posology); Unit II(Pharmaceutical calculations, Powders, Liquid dosage forms); Unit III(Monophasic liquids, Biphasic liquids Suspensions, Emulsions); Unit IV(Suppositories, Pharmaceutical incompatibilities); Unit V-Semisolid dosage forms 1. Syrups a) Syrup IP’66 b) Compound syrup of Ferrous Phosphate BPC’68 2. Elixirs a) Piperazine citrate elixir b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir 3.Linctus a) Terpin Hydrate Linctus IP’66 4. Solutions b) Iodine Throat Paint (Mandles Paint) a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate b) Cresol with soap solution c) Lugol’s solution 5. Suspensions a) Calamine lotion b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture c) Aluminimum Hydroxide gel 6. Emulsions a) Turpentine Liniment b) Liquid paraffin emulsion 7. Powders and Granules a) ORS powder (WHO) b) Effervescent granules c)Dusting powder d)Divded powders 8. Suppositories a) Glycero gelatin suppository b) Coca butter suppository c) Zinc Oxide suppository 8. Semisolids a) Sulphur ointment b) Non staining-iodine ointment with methyl salicylate c) Carbopal gel 9. Gargles and Mouthwashes a) Iodine gargle b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash
 

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Unit I(Impurities in pharmaceutical substances, General methods of preparation of compounds); Unit II(Acids, Bases and Buffers, Major extra and intracellular electrolytes, Dental products); Unit III(Gastrointestinal agents, Acidifiers, Antacid, Cathartics, Antimicrobials); Unit IV(Miscellaneous compounds, Expectorants,  Emetics, Haematinics, Poison and Antidote, Astringents); Unit V- Radiopharmaceuticals 1.Limit tests for following ions(Chlorides and Sulphates Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Limit test for Iron Limit test for Heavy metals Limit test for Lead Limit test for Arsenic) 2. Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium gluconate Copper sulphate 3.Test for purity Swelling power of Bentonite Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide 4.Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals Boric acid Potash alum Ferrous sulphate
 

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 Unit I(Communication Skills, Barriers to communication, Perspectives in Communication); Unit II(Elements of Communication, Communication Styles); Unit III(Basic Listening Skills, Effective Written Communication, Writing Effectively); Unit IV(Interview Skills, Giving Presentations); Unit V- Group Discussion Basic communications covering the following topics -Meeting People Asking Questions Making Friends What did you do? Do’s and Don’ts; Pronunciations covering the following topics- Pronunciation (Consonant Sounds) Pronunciation and Nouns Pronunciation (Vowel Sounds); Advanced Learning Listening Comprehension / Direct and Indirect Speech Figures of Speech Effective Communication Writing Skills Effective Writing Interview Handling Skills E-Mail etiquette Presentation Skills
 

REMEDIALBIOLOGY

 Unit I(Living world, Morphology of Flowering plants); Unit II(Body fluids and circulation, Digestion and Absorption, Breathing and respiration); Unit III(Excretory products and their elimination, Neural control and coordination, Chemical coordination and regulation, Human reproduction); Unit IV(Plants and mineral nutrition, Photosynthesis); Unit V(Plant respiration, Plant growth and development, Cell – The unit of life, Tissues 1. Introduction to experiments in biology a) Study of Microscope b) Section cutting techniques c) Mounting and staining d) Permanent slide preparation 2. Study of cell and its inclusions 3. Study of Stem, Root, Leaf, seed, fruit, flower and their modifications 4. Detailed study of frog by using computer models 5. Microscopic study and identification of tissues pertinent to Stem, Root Leaf, seed, fruit and flower 6. Identification of bones 7. Determination of blood group 8. Determination of blood pressure 9. Determination of tidal volume
REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS Unit I(Partial fraction, Logarithms, Function, Limits and continuity); Unit II(Matrices and Determinant); Unit III(Calculus –Differentiation); Unit IV(Analytical Geometry- Introduction, Straight Line, Integration); Unit V(Differential Equations-Application in solving Pharmacokinetic equations, Laplace Transform- Application in solving Chemical kinetics and Pharmacokinetics equations)

 

Subjects for Semester 2

Subjects Theory Practical
Hours Marks Hours Marks
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II 45 100 4/week 50
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I 45 100 4/week 50
BIOCHEMISTRY 45 100 4/week 50
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 45 100 – –
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY* 30 75 – 25
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES* 30 75 – –
 
Total marks 725

* The subject experts at college level shall conduct examinations

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syllabus for Semester 2

Subjects Syllabus
Theory Practical
 

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II

 Unit I- Nervous system (Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid, structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity) ); Unit II- Digestive system (Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine 54 and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.  Energetics-Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR)  ;Unit III- Respiratory system (Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods), Urinary system (Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney); Unit IV- Endocrine system (Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.); Unit V- Reproductive system (Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition), Introduction to genetics Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance 1. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc., 2. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc., 3. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc 4. To demonstrate the general neurological examination 5. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve 6. To examine the different types of taste. 7. To demonstrate the visual acuity 8. To demonstrate the reflex activity 9. Recording of body temperature 10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism. 11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity. 12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with the help of models, charts and specimens. 13. Recording of basal mass index. 14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test. 15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser 16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads
 

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I

 Unit I- Classification, nomenclature and isomerism, Classification of Organic Compounds Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds); Unit II- Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes* (SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2 hybridization in alkenes E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation. Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement); Unit III- Alkyl halides* (SN1 and SN2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations. SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions, Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform), Alcohols*( Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol); Unit IV- Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones) Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde); Unit V- Carboxylic acids* (Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and Acetyl salicylic acid), Aliphatic amines* – Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine) I. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like

1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and unsaturation, etc. 2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test 3. Solubility test 4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and Anilides. 5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds 6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling point. 7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting point/ boiling point. 8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically;

II- Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds;

III. Construction of molecular models
 

BIOCHEMISTRY

 Unit I– Biomolecules (Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins), Bioenergetics (Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP) ; Unit II- Carbohydrate metabolism(Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance,Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance, HMP shunt and its significance, Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD), Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance, Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus), Biological oxidation(Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers.); Unit III –Lipid metabolism(β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid), Formation and utilization of ketone bodies, ketoacidosis

De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid), Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into

bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D,Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.) Amino acid metabolism

(General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination,

deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders,

Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders(Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia), Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin,

dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundi); Unit IV- Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer

(Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides,

Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease, Organization of mammalian genome,

Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions, DNA replication (semi conservative model),

Transcription or RNA synthesis

Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors); Unit V- Enzymes

(Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes,

Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)

Enzyme inhibitors with examples,

Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric

enzymes regulation, Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes, Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions)

 1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose,Sucrose and starch)

2. Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)

3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)

4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents

5. Determination of blood creatinine

6. Determination of blood sugar

7. Determination of serum total cholesterol

8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH

9. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch

10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity

11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity

12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Unit I – Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:

(Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems,

Causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage,

Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes

(Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance), Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:

(Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism

of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of

WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the

skin, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis); Unit II– Cardiovascular System:

(Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis), Respiratory system: (Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.), Renal system: (Acute and chronic renal failure.)

Unit III- Haematological Diseases: (Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, haemophilia), Endocrine system: (Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones.), Nervous system: (Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders:

Depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.), Gastrointestinal system: (Peptic Ulcer),

Unit IV– Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver

Disease, Disease of bones and joints: (Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout), Principles of cancer: (classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer), Diseases of bones and joints: (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout), Principles of Cancer:  (Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer)

Unit V- Infectious diseases: (Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections), Sexually transmitted diseases: (AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea)

  

 

 

 

_
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY Unit IV- Number system: (Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal

number system, Hexadecimal number systems, conversion decimal to binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition, binary

subtraction – One’s complement ,Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binary division.), Concept of Information Systems and Software : (Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project.); Unit II- Web technologies: (Introduction to HTML, XML,CSS and

Programming languages, introduction to web servers and Server Products, Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database.); Unit III- Application of computers in Pharmacy (Drug information storage and

retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring, Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System); Unit IV- Bioinformatics: (Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Databases, Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery)

Unit-V Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development:

(Chromatographic dada analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information management

System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System(TIMS))

 1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular disease.

2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.

3. Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools

4 Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD

5. Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using access

6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database

7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database

8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access

9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access

10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access

11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages

12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Unit-I:The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies

Natural Resources (Renewable and non-renewable resources: Natural resources and associated problems a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources; e) Energy resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual inconservation of natural resources.); Unit II:   Ecosystems

§ Concept of an ecosystem.

§ Structure and function of an ecosystem.

§ Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of

the ecosystems: Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert

ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,

estuaries); Unit- III:

Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution.

  

 

 

 

 

 

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Drug Inspector Exam – Recruitment of DI Post – Notification of Food & Drug Inspector

by
Drug Inspector Exam – Recruitment of DI Post - Notification of Food & Drug Inspector

Drug Inspector Exam – Recruitment of DI Post

Online applications are invited from candidates for Drug Inspector by Food & Drug Administration department for given vacancies. Candidates after submitting their applications through On-Line shall send photocopies of their all academic/required documents regarding their claims along with print out of On-Line application form within 21 days from the last date of submitting the applications on the working day through registered/Speed Post or Personally in the office of the Commission. For this purpose the candidates are advised to download address slip from Commission’s website and to paste it on the envelope containing documents. In Absence of required relevant documents/records, the claims made by the candidates shall not be tenable and relevant documents/records received after due date in the office of the Commission will not be accepted.

Drug Inspector Exam – Recruitment of DI Post - Notification of Food & Drug Inspector

Post: Drug Inspector – 91 posts

No. of posts of Drug Inspector Exam:

Unreserved: 38 posts

ST: 30 posts

SC: 11 posts

OBC: 12 posts

Education for Drug Inspector Exam:

A person who is appointed as inspector under the Act shall be a person who has Degree in pharmacy or Pharmaceuticals Sciences or Medicine with specialization in Clinical Pharmacology or Microbiology from a University established in India by law.

Nature of Post for Drug Inspector Exam :

Gazetted/Temporary and 2 years of probation period.

Essential Qualification for Drug Inspector Exam:

A candidate for direct recruitment to the post of Drugs Inspector must possess the following qualifications:- (i) Degree in Pharmacy or Pharmaceutical Sciences or Medicine with specialization in Clinical Pharmacology or Microbiology or equivalent from a recognized University;

(ii) (a) Eighteen Month’s Experience in the manufacture of at least one of the substances specified in Schedule ‘C’ to the Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, Or (b) Eighteen Month’s Experience in testing of at least one of the substances specified in Schedule ‘C’ to the Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, in a laboratory approved for this purpose by the licensing authority, or (c) Three year’s experience in the inspection of firms manufacturing any of the substances specified in Schedule ‘C’ to the Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 during the tenure of their services as Drug Inspector of any State Government or Central Government.

Preferential Qualification- Other things being equal, such candidates shall be given preferences in the matter of direct recruitment- (1) Who has served in the territorial army for minimum period of two years. or (2) Who has obtained a “B” certificate of National cadet corps.

Exam Fee for Drug Inspector Exam:

UR: 450

OBC: 350

SC/ST/handicapped: 300

Age limit for Drug Inspector Exam:

Min 21 years and Max 30 years

Age limit will be flexible for resident of chhattisgarh as per notice from general administration department.

Candidates will be selected by merit through exam.

Any applications to improve any error will not accepted by online or offline medium. Exam results will be declared on basis of answers in OMR answer sheet. Exams results will be declared on basis of category, class, date of birth. No applications will be accepted for eroor improvement before or after exam results.

Age Limit- 21 to 40 years (upper age limit for reserved category candidates shall be relaxable as per rules).

Important directions for Drug Inspector Exam:

Candidates must ensure that they have all certificates of their claim about age, Essential Qualification, experience certificate issued by authorised officer, no objection certificate (If in Govt. service.) and prescribed certificate for reservation and U.P. Domicile certificate from father side for the woman candidates at the time of applying the application form.

Online Application Fee for Drug Inspector Exam:

In the ON-LINE Application process, after completing the procedure of first stage, category wise prescribed fee is to be deposited as per instructions provided in second stage. The prescribed fee for different categories is as under:-

Unreserved (General)   Exam fee ` 80/-+ On-line processing fee 25/-   

Total = 105/-

Other Backward Class Exam fee ` 80/-+ On-line processing fee 25/-    

Total = 105/-

Scheduled Caste-Exam fee ` 40/-  + On-line processing fee 25/-    

Total =  65/-

Scheduled Tribe  Exam fee40/-  + On-line processing fee25/-    

Total =65/-

Handicapped – Exam fee NIL  + On-line processing fee  25/- Total= 25/-

Rules for Drug Inspector Exam: Notification Syllabus PDF

  1. Following candidates are not eligible
  2. Male candidates who have more than one spouse alive and same way female candidates who have married to man whose first spouse is alive. In such matters government has rights to take decisions.
  3. Those who are not fit physically and mentally
  4. Those who married before minimum age for marriage
  5. Any candidates, who have two or more living child and out of which one born after 26 Jan 2001, are not eligible.
  1. It will be responsibility of candidates to check for all eligibility criterias. Means, Candidate should check out for all rules and eligibility before applying for posts. At any point of time during selection, if candidate found uneligible then candidature will be terminated.

Example Questions for DI examination: DRUG INSPECTOR EXAM

1. P wave of ECG is the result of

1. Atrial depolarization 2. Atrial repolarization
3. Ventricular depolarization
4. Ventricular repolarization

2. Incompatible blood transfusion can result in

1. Hypovolemic shock 2 Anaphylactic shock
3. Cardiogenic shock 4. Obstructive shock

3. Sucralftate is used in the treatment of
1. Vomit 2. Constipation
3. Duodenal ulcer 4. Diarrhoea

4. Which property of chlorpromazine is responsible for its antipsychotic effect ?
1. Antidopaminergic 2. Antimuscarinic
3. A adrenoreceptor blocking
4. Anti 5-HT property

5. The prescription starts with the symbol Rx, means
1. Send 2. Prescribe
3. Take thou 4. Prepare

6. Which type of prescription should contain the age of the patient ?
1. Prescription for a child
2. Prescription containing special formula
3. Prescription containing patient medicament
4. Prescription for elderly patient

7. The plasma substitute, dextran is a homo polymer of glucose, which is produced by
1. Polymerization of glucose
2. Chemical modification of starch
3. Chemical modification of cellulose
4. By growing the organism leuconostoc mesenteroides in sucrose containing medium

8. Mot acceptable absorbable hemostat is
1. Human fibrin foam 2. Gelatin sponge
3. Oxidized cellulose 4. Calcium alginate

9. Bacteria which can derive their nutritional requirements and energy from simple inorganic
source are called

1. Autotrophic 2. Heterotrophic
3. Parasite 4. Saprophyte

10. Ziehl Neelsen’s method is used to identify
1. Acid fast bacteria 2. Gram positive bacteria
3. Spores 4. Flagella

 

11. Which of the following is broad spectrum anthelmintic ?
1. Mebendazole 2. Piperazine
3. Diethylcarbamazine 4. Chloroquine

Look out for PREVIOUS DRUG INSPECTOR EXAM QUESTION PAPERS here